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Bothrops diporus COPE, 1862

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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesPortuguese: Bocuda, Cabeça-de-Capanga, Jararaca-do-Chaco, Jararaca-do-Rabo-Branco, Jararaca-Pintada, Jararaca-Pintada-Argentina, Jararaca-Pintada-do-Sul 
SynonymBothrops diporus COPE 1862: 347
Bothrops diporus — BOULENGER 1886: 438
Lachesis neuwiedi BOULENGER 1896 (part.)
Lachesis neuviedi — BERG 1898
Bothrops neuwiedi meridionalis AMARAL 1930: 66 (preoccupied)
Bothrops neuwiedi diporus — COCHRAN 1961: 151
Bothrops neuwiedi diporus — HOGE 1966 [1965]: 128
Bothrops neuwiedi diporus PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 50
Bothrops neuwiedi diporus — CEI 1993
Bothrops neuwiedi diporus — LEYNAUD & BUCHER 1999: 38
Bothrops diporus — SILVA in CAMPBELL & LAMAR 2004
Bothrops diporus — TRUTNAU 2008
Bothrops diporus — DA SILVA & RODRIGUES 2008
Bothropoides diporus — FENWICK et al. 2009
Bothrops diporus — CARRASCO et al. 2012
Bothropoides diporus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 113
Bothrops diporus — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019 
DistributionArgentina (La Rioja, La Pampa, Cordoba, San Luis, Mendoza, Catamarca, Santiago del Estero, Tucumán, Jujuy, Salta, Formosa, Chaco, Santa Fé, Corrientes and Misiones, Rio Negro: [HR 31: 254], Neuquén [HR 34: 386]),
Brazil (São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina and northwestern Rio Grande do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul),
Paraguay, Bolivia

Type locality: Vermejo River region, on boundary of Paraguay and Argentina.  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesHolotype: USNM 12380 (old USNM 5401) 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Prolonged postcephalic stripes present, a resultant coalition of the occipital blotches with the first pair of dorsolateral blotches of the trunk. Supralabials evenly pigmented or with large dark markings (covering more than 50% of the supralabial surface) more conspicuous in the anterior half of the mouth; the largest spot is exactly under the eye. The borders of the dorsolateral blotches have well defined contours. Dorsolateral blotches in the trunk: 10 to 28 (mode 21); usually triangular, wide and close to each other. 
CommentVenomous! 
EtymologyNamed after Greek di- (δι-), twice; double + Greek poros (πόρος), pore; crossing-place. (COPE 1862, Esteban Lavilla, pers. comm., April 2024) 
References
  • Amaral, A. D. 1927. Studies of neotropical ophidia IV. A new form of crotalidae from Bolivia. Bull. Antivenin Inst. America 1 (1): 5-6
  • Amaral, A. D. 1932. Contribuicao ao conhecimento dos ofidios do Brasil V. Uma nova raca de Bothrops neuwiedii. Mem. Inst. Butantan 7: 97-101 - get paper here
  • Amaral, A. do 1925. A general consideration of snake poisoning and observations on neotropical pitvipers. Contr. Harvard Inst. Biol. & Med. 2: 1-64 - get paper here
  • Amaral,A. do 1930. Estudos sobre ophidios neotropicos XVIII. Lista remissiva dos ophidios da região neotropica. Mem. Inst. Butantan 4: 126-271 [1929] - get paper here
  • Amaral,A. do 1930. Studies of neotropical Ophidia XXV. A new race of Bothrops neuwiedi. Bull. Antivenin Inst. America 4 (3): 65-67
  • Amaral,A. do 1937. New species of ophidians from Colombia. Compte Rendu 12th Congress Internat. Zool., Lisbon 3 [139 (141)]: 1762-1767 [1935]
  • Avila, L. J.;Moreta, J. C. 1995. Bothrops neuwiedi bolivianus Amaral. Cuadernos de Herpetología 9 (1): 57 - get paper here
  • Barros, Mariano M. and Tomas Waller. 2015. Bothrops diporus (southern pitviper) diet / ophiophagy. Herpetological Review 46 (3): 443-444 - get paper here
  • Bellini, Gisela Paola; Vanesa Arzamendia and Alejandro Raúl Giraudo 2019. Reproductive life history of snakes in temperate regions: what are the differences between oviparous and viviparous species? Amphibia-Reptilia 40 (3): 291–303 - get paper here
  • Bérnils, R.S.; Batista, M.A. & Bertelli, P.W. 2001. Cobras e lagartos do Vale: levantamento das espécies de Squamata (Reptilia, Lepidosauria) da Bacia do Rio Itajai, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Rev. Est. Ambientais (Blumenau) 3 (1): 69-79
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  • Cacciali, Pier; Norman J. Scott, Aida Luz Aquino Ortíz, Lee A. Fitzgerald, and Paul Smith 2016. The Reptiles of Paraguay: Literature, Distribution, and an Annotated Taxonomic Checklist. SPECIAL PUBLICATION OF THE MUSEUM OF SOUTHWESTERN BIOLOGY, NUMBER 11: 1–373 - get paper here
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  • Carrasco, P.A., C.I. Mattoni, G.C. Leynaud, and G.J. Scrocchi. 2012. Morphology, phylogeny and taxonomy of South American bothropoid pitvipers (Serpentes, Viperidae). Zoologica Scripta 41: 109-124 - get paper here
  • CARRASCO, PAOLA A.; FELIPE G. GRAZZIOTIN, ROY SANTA CRUZ FARFÁN, CLAUDIA KOCH, JOSÉ ANTONIO OCHOA, GUSTAVO J. SCROCCHI, GERARDO C. LEYNAUD, JUAN C. CHAPARRO 2019. A new species of Bothrops (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae) from Pampas del Heath, southeastern Peru, with comments on the systematics of the Bothrops neuwiedi species group. Zootaxa 4565 (3): 301–344 - get paper here
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  • Cope, E.D. 1862. Catalogues of the reptiles obtained during the explorations of the Parana Paraguay, Vermejo and Uruguay rivers, by Capt. Thos. J. Page, U.S.N.; and of those procured by Lieut. N. Michier, U. S. Top. Eng., Commander of the expedition conducting the su Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 14: 346-359. - get paper here
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  • Fernandes, W.; Abe, A.S. 1991. Electrophoretic Approach to the Relationships among the Subspecies of the Lancehead Bothrops neuwiedi (Serpentes,Viperidae). Zool. Anz. 226 (3/4): 195
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  • França, R. C., França, F. G., Rödder, D., & Solé, M. 2022. Historical collection of snakes from Brazil by herpetologist and biogeographer Paul Müller (1940–2010), deposited at the Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Germany. Bonn zoological Bulletin 71 (1): 41–49 - get paper here
  • García, J.A.R., Curi, L.M., Calamante, C.C. & Céspedez, J.A. 2018. Bothrops diporus (Southern Pitviper / Chaco Lancehead) Diet / Ophiophagy. Herpetological Review 49 (1): 124. - get paper here
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  • Hoge, A.R. 1966. Preliminary account on Neotropical Crotalinae (Serpentes: Viperidae). Mem. Inst. Butantan 32 [1965]: 109-184 - get paper here
  • Hoge, Alphonse Richard 1959. Note sur la position systematique de Trigonocephalus (Bothrops) pubescens Cope 1869. Mem. Inst. Butantan 28 [1957-1958]: 83-84 - get paper here
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