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Bothrops pubescens (COPE, 1870)

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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesPortuguese: Cabeça-de-Capanga Cruzeira, Jararaca-Cruzeira, Jararaca-do-Rabo-Branco, Jararaca-do-Sul, Jararaca-Pintada, Jararaca-Pintada-Uruguaia 
SynonymTrigonocephalus (Bothrops) pubescens COPE 1870: 157 [1869]
Bothrops neuwiedi riograndensis AMARAL 1925: 61
Bothrops neuwiedi pubescens — HOGE 1959: 84
Bothrops neuwiedi pubescens — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 50
Bothrops pubescens — SILVA in CAMPBELL & LAMAR 2004
Bothrops (neuwiedi) pubescens — MONZEL & WÜSTER 2008
Bothrops pubescens — JANSEN 2008
Bothrops pubescens — DA SILVA & RODRIGUES 2008
Bothropoides pubescens — FENWICK et al. 2009
Bothrops pubescens — CARRASCO et al. 2012
Bothropoides pubescens — WALLACH et al. 2014: 114
Bothrops pubescens — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019 
DistributionBrazil (Rio Grande do Sul), Uruguay (Artigas, Rivera, Tacuarembó, Cerro Largo, Treinta y Tres, Lavalleja, Maldonado, Canelones, Rocha and San José)

Type locality: Pozo Hondo, Tambores: Departamento de Tacuarembó: Uruguay.  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesLectotype: MZUSP 5874, adult male. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: More than half or all the clear supralabials with dark markings (covering less than 50% of the supralabial surface) not very intense triangular format always in the suture between two supralabials. Dorsolateral blotches of well-defined contour, outstanding grayground coloration, still more for the presence of white margins in the principal parts of the dorsolateral blotches. Short postcephalic stripes can be present. Pair of occipital blotches with different formats, but the arrangement usually resembles two opposed arrows pointing to the head sides (“< >”). Melanism in the head absent. Postocular stripe very marked and keels always with the same coloration of the dorsal scales. Dorsolateral blotches in the trunk from 19 to 30 (mode 21) with triangular to trapezoid format and relatively close to each other.


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CommentSynonymy: partly after Hoge 1959. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin pubescens, from Latin pubesco, reach physical maturity, grow body hair/to manhood; ripen (fruit), mature. (COPE 1870, Esteban Lavilla, pers. comm., April 2024) 
References
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  • Amaral, A. D. 1932. Contribuicao ao conhecimento dos ofidios do Brasil V. Uma nova raca de Bothrops neuwiedii. Mem. Inst. Butantan 7: 97-101 - get paper here
  • Amaral, A. do 1925. A general consideration of snake poisoning and observations on neotropical pitvipers. Contr. Harvard Inst. Biol. & Med. 2: 1-64 - get paper here
  • Amaral,A. do 1930. Studies of neotropical Ophidia XXV. A new race of Bothrops neuwiedi. Bull. Antivenin Inst. America 4 (3): 65-67
  • Amaral,A. do 1930. Estudos sobre ophidios neotropicos XVIII. Lista remissiva dos ophidios da região neotropica. Mem. Inst. Butantan 4: 126-271 [1929] - get paper here
  • Amaral,A. do 1937. New species of ophidians from Colombia. Compte Rendu 12th Congress Internat. Zool., Lisbon 3 [139 (141)]: 1762-1767 [1935]
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  • Barros, V., Alberto, Rojas, C.A., Da Silva, K.M.P. & Almeida-Santos, S.M. 2017. Bothrops pubescens Sperm in the sexual segment of the kidneys. Herpetological Review 48 (3): 666-667. - get paper here
  • BARROS, VERÔNICA ALBERTO; KARINA MARIA PEREIRA SILVA, CLAUDIO AUGUSTO ROJAS & SELMA MARIA ALMEIDA-SANTOS. 2022. Male Reproductive Cycle of Bothrops pubescens (Serpentes, Viperidae) from Southern Brazil. South American Journal of Herpetology 24(1): 1–10. - get paper here
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