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Bothrops fonsecai HOGE & BELLUOMINI, 1959

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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Fonseca's Lancehead
Portuguese: Cotiara, Cotiara-Estrela, Jararaca-das-Montanhas, Jararaca-Estrela, Urutu, Urutu-da-Serra 
SynonymBothrops fonsecai HOGE & BELLUOMINI 1959
Bothrops fonsecai — PETERS et al. 1970: 46
Bothrops fonsecai — WELCH 1994: 33
Bothrops fonsecai — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 261
Rhinocerophis fonsecai — FENWICK et al. 2009
Bothrops fonsecai — CARRASCO et al. 2012
Rhinocerophis fonsecai — WALLACH et al. 2014: 649
Bothrops fonsecai — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019 
DistributionBrazil (NE Sao Paulo, S Rio de Janeiro, S Minas Gerais)

Type locality: Santo Antonio do Capivary, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesHolotype: IBSP (= IB) 
Diagnosis 
CommentVenomous! 
Etymologynamed after Prof. Dr. Flavio da Fonseca, “Chefe do Laboratorio de Parasitolog'Ïa do Instituto Butantan e Professor Catedratico da Escola Paulista de Medicina.” 
References
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Bressan, Paulo Magalhães; Maria Cecília Martins Kierulff, Angélica Midori Sugieda (eds.) 2009. FAUNA AMEAÇADA DE EXTINÇÃO NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO: VERTEBRADOS. São Paulo: Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo: Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, 2009. - get paper here
  • Campbell, J.A. & Lamar, W.W. 1989. The Venomous Reptiles of Latin America. Comstock Publishing/Cornell University Press, Ithaca
  • Carrasco, P.A., C.I. Mattoni, G.C. Leynaud, and G.J. Scrocchi. 2012. Morphology, phylogeny and taxonomy of South American bothropoid pitvipers (Serpentes, Viperidae). Zoologica Scripta 41: 109-124 - get paper here
  • FENWICK, ALLYSON M.; RONALD L. GUTBERLET JR, JENNAFER A. EVANS, CHRISTOPHER L. PARKINSON 2009. Morphological and molecular evidence for phylogeny and classification of South American pitvipers, genera Bothrops, Bothriopsis, and Bothrocophias (Serpentes: Viperidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 156 (3): 617-640 - get paper here
  • Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here
  • Hoge,A.R. & BELLUOMINI,H.E. 1959. Uma nova espécie de Bothrops do Brasil (Serpentes). Mem. Inst. Butantan 28 [1957/1958]: 195-206 - get paper here
  • Junqueira, Á F B; Cozendey, P; Ponté, A; De Sousa, B M; Alves, I & Novelli, I A; 2019. Bothrops fonsecai (Fonseca’s Lancehead) Neonate size. Herpetological Review 50 (1): 87-88 - get paper here
  • Manzani, Paulo Roberto;Moreno, Ronilson Agnaldo;Mattar, Miguel Nassif 1997. Geographic Distribution. Bothrops fonsecai. Herpetological Review 28 (4): 210 - get paper here
  • MARQUES, O. A. V. et al. 2009. Repteis. In: Bressan et al., FAUNA AMEAÇADA DE EXTINÇÃO NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO: VERTEBRADOS. São Paulo: Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo: Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, pp. 285-327 - get paper here
  • Marques-Tozetti, Alexandro; Sergio Augusto Abrahão Morato, Renato Silveira Bérnils, Daniel Loebmann, Luís Felipe Toledo, Russell Gray, Omar M. Entiauspe-Neto 2021. Evolutionary dynamics shape two passive defensive mechanisms in Neotropical snake radiations. Phyllomedusa 20(1): 3-13 - get paper here
  • McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp.
  • Menezes FA, Abegg AD, Silva BR, Franco FL, Feio RN 2018. Composition and natural history of the snakes from the Parque Estadual da Serra do Papagaio, southern Minas Gerais, Serra da Mantiqueira, Brazil. ZooKeys 797: 117-160 - get paper here
  • Menezes, F A; Furtado, S G; Feio, R N & Almeida-Santos, S M; 2019. Bothrops fonsecai (Fonseca’s Lancehead) Reproduction. Herpetological Review 50 (3): 586-587 - get paper here
  • Nogueira, Cristiano C.; Antonio J.S. Argôlo, Vanesa Arzamendia, Josué A. Azevedo, Fausto E. Barbo, Renato S. Bérnils, Bruna E. Bolochio, Marcio Borges-Martins, Marcela Brasil-Godinho, Henrique Braz, Marcus A. Buononato, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, 2019. Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. South American J. Herp. 14 (Special Issue 1):1-274 - get paper here
  • Oliveira, Jane C.F.; Rodrigo Castellari Gonzalez; Paulo Passos; Davor Vrcibradic & Carlos Frederico Duarte Rocha 2020. Non-Avian Reptiles of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: status of knowledge and commented list. Pap. Avulsos Zool. 60: e20206024 - get paper here
  • Resende, Flávia Cappuccio de (coord.) 2023. O fantástico mundo dos animais peçonhentos: serpentes; características, história natural e reconhecimento das espécies peçonhentas de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte – Fundação Ezequiel Dias - get paper here
  • ROCHA, CARLOS FREDERICO D.; HELENA G.BERGALLO, JOSÉ P. POMBAL JR., LENA GEISE, MONIQUE VAN SLUYS, RONALDO FERNANDES, ULISSES CARAMASCHI 2004. FAUNA DE ANFÍBIOS, RÉPTEIS E MAMÍFEROS DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO, SUDESTE DO BRASIL. Publ. Avul. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro (104): 3-23 - get paper here
  • Roncolatto-Ortiz, Flora; Herbert Serafim, Angelita Pereira Rodrigues, Arthur Diesel Abegg, Francisco Luis Franco 2017. Snakes from Municipality of São José do Barreiro, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Herpetology Notes 10: 479-486 - get paper here
  • Salomão, M.G., W. Wüster, R.S. Thorpe & BBBSP 1999. MtDNA phylogeny of Neotropical pitvipers of the genus Bothrops (Squamata: Serpentes: Viperidae). Kaupia (Darmstadt) (8): 127-134
  • Stuginski, Daniel Rodrigues; Guilherme Fernandes Mendes, Sávio Stefanini Sant'Anna, Diego Terenciano Rubio, Samira Emanuela Maria Vieira, Leonardo Pessoa Cabus Oitaven, Kathleen Fernandes Grego 2017. Sexual Differences in Growth Rates of Juveniles from a Litter of Bothrops fonsecai: The Role of Feeding Conversion in a Female-Biased SSD Species. South American Journal of Herpetology Dec 2017, Vol. 12, No. 3: 193-199. - get paper here
  • Tashima, Alexandre K;.Libia Sanz; Antonio C.M. Camargo; Solange M.T. Serrano; Juan J. Calvete 2008. Snake venomics of the Brazilian pitvipers Bothrops cotiara and Bothrops fonsecai. Identification of taxonomy markers. J Proteomics 7 (1): 473 – 485 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Zaher, Hussam; Fausto Erritto BarboI; Paola Sanchez Martínez; Cristiano Nogueira; Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues; Ricardo Jannini Sawaya 2011. Répteis do Estado de São Paulo: conhecimento atual e perspectivas. Biota Neotropica, 11 (1): 1–15. - get paper here
 
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