Calamaria albiventer (GRAY, 1834)
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Calamaria albiventer
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| Higher Taxa | Colubridae, Calamariinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes) |
| Subspecies | |
| Common Names | E: White-bellied Reed Snake G: Weissbauch-Riednatter |
| Synonym | Changulia albiventer GRAY in GRAY & HARDWICKE 1834: pl. 86 Calamaria lumbricoidea SCHLEGEL 1837 Calamaria linnei Var. — CANTOR 1847 (nec Calamaria linnaei BOIE in BOIE 1827) Calamaria albiventer — GÜNTHER 1858 Calamaria linnaei (nec Calamaria linnaei BOIE in BOIE 1827) — WERNER 1896 Calamaria indragirica SCHENKEL 1901 Calamaria indragirica — ROOIJ 1917 Calamaria ornata WERNER 1909 Calamaria indraginia (sic) — BARBOUR 1912 Calamaria albiventer — TWEEDIE 1953: 50 Calamaria albiventer — INGER & MARX 1965: 94 Calamaria albiventer — MANTHEY & GROSSMANN 1997: 328 Calamaria albiventer — INGER & VORIS 2001 Calamaria albiventer — WALLACH et al. 2014: 134 Calamaria albiventer — LEE 2021 |
| Distribution | W Malaysia, Penang I, Singapore I (?), Indonesia (Sumatra) Type locality: Penang ornata: Sumatra; Type locality: Songei Lalak, Indragiri, Sumatra. |
| Reproduction | oviparous |
| Types | Syntypes: BMNH 1946.1.2.10 (formerly BMNH 1860.3.19.1269a–b) and BMNH 1946.1.2.18 (formerly BMNH 1898.9.22.39), three females (T. Hardwicke, 1756 –1823) holotype: ZMH [ornata] |
| Diagnosis | Diagnosis. Maxillary teeth modified; third and fourth supralabials entering orbit; preocular present; mental touching anterior chin shields; body with 4 narrow light stripes (Inger & Marx 1965). Description. Rostral broader than high, portion visible from above about 2/3 length of prefrontal suture; prefrontal 3/4 length of frontal, touching first 2 supralabials; frontal hexagonal, 1.66 to 2 times width of supraocular, about /6 length of parietal; parietal 1.5 times length of prefrontal; paraparietal usually surrounded by 5 shields or scales; nasal smaller than or equal to postocular; preocular present, neither ocular as high as eye; greater than eye-mouth distance; 5 supralabials, third and fourth entering orbit, fifth the largest, first 4 subequal; mental triangular, touching anterior chin shields; 5 infralabials, first 3 touching anterior chin shields; both pairs of chin shields meeting in midline; 3 gulars in midline between posterior chin shields and first ventral (Inger & Marx 1965). Body thickness index 0.026 (1 specimen); tail tapering gradually from base, abruptly tapering at tip to a sharp point; dorsal scales reduce to 4 rows on tail opposite fifth to eighth subcaudal anterior to terminal scute. Cloaca of female bilobed (1 specimen). Nine modified maxillary teeth (3 specimens) (Inger & Marx 1965). Scale counts: Ventrals: males, 143-144 (N=2); females, 147-162 (mean 156.4; N=10). Subcaudals: males, 21-22 (N=2); females, 15-19 (mean 17.0; N=10). Total length: males, 205 mm. (N=2); females, 170-361 mm. Ratio of tail to total length: males, 0.088-0.093 (N=2); females, 0.047-0.088 (mean 0.066; N=9) (Inger & Marx 1965). Coloration: body brown above; two pairs of light longitudinal stripes; lower half of first scale row and adjacent edges of ventrals brown; adjacent halves of first and second scale rows yellowish; a broad dark stripe on upper half of second scale row, all of third and fourth rows, and lower half of fifth row; this dark band sometimes split by a lighter brown stripe formed by light speckling on adjacent halves of third and fourth scale rows; yellowish stripe on adjacent halves of fifth and sixth scale rows; a dark stripe on vertebral scale row and adjacent halves of sixth rows; top of head light brown with a dark network or dark spots; upper third or half of supralabials brown; remainder of supraliabals and underside of head yellowish, usually with dark spots on infralabial sutures; ventrals yellow except for dark lateral edges; underside of tail yellowish with a dark median stripe. In life reddish brown above; upper light stripe red, lower light stripe bluish white; both light stripes edged with black; underside of head lemon yellow shading into red on neck; underside of body and tail bright red (Flower, 1899, p. 674) (Inger & Marx 1965). |
| Comment | Synonymy mainly after David & Vogel 1996. |
| Etymology | Named after Latin “albus, -a, -um” = white and “venter” = belly or stomach. |
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