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Calamaria hilleniusi INGER & MARX, 1965

IUCN Red List - Calamaria hilleniusi - Least Concern, LC

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Higher TaxaColubridae, Calamariinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common Names 
SynonymCalamaria hilleniusi INGER & MARX 1965: 96
Calamaria hilleniusi — INGER & VORIS 2001
Calamaria hilleniusi — WALLACH et al. 2014: 137 
DistributionIndonesia (Borneo), Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak)

Type locality: Samarinda, Borneo  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: ZMA.RENA, male; paratypes: Sarawak Museum 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Maxillary teeth modified; third and fourth supralabials entering orbit; preocular present; mental touching anterior chin shields; paraparietal surrounded by 5 shields and scales; eye about 2/3 eye-mouth distance; dorsal scales without network (Inger & Marx 1965).

Description. Rostral wider than high, portion visible from above equals half length of prefrontal suture; prefrontal equals length of frontal, touching first 2 supralabials; frontal hexagonal, 2.5 to 3 times width of supraocular, about 3/4 length of parietal; parietal 1.33 to 1.5 times length of prefrontal; paraparietal surrounded by 5 scales and shields; nasal oriented laterally, equal to postocular; preocular present; both oculars as high as eye; eye about 2/3 eye-mouth distance; 5 supralabials, third and fourth entering orbit, fifth the largest, fourth almost as long as fifth along ventral border, dorsal margin of fourth labial half of its ventral margin; first 4 supralabials subequal along labial border; mental triangular, touching anterior chin shields; 5 infralabials, first 3 touching anterior chin shields; both pairs of chin shields meeting in midline; 3 gulars in midline between posterior chin shields and first ventral (Inger & Marx 1965).

Body thickness index 0.041-0.052 (2 specimens); tail tapering gradually from base to a point; dorsal scales reduced to 4 rows on tail opposite third to ninth subcaudal anterior to terminal scute (Inger & Marx 1965).

Hemipenis in holotype too small for accurate description, sex determined by examination of gonads (Inger & Marx 1965).

Teeth: Ten modified maxillary teeth (3 specimens) (Inger & Marx 1965).

Scale counts: Ventrals 147-155 in males (holotype 155), 154-161 in females; subcaudals 18-21 in males (holotype 18), 14-16 in females; total length males 317 330 mm. (holotype 317), females 368 370 mm.; ratio of tail length to total length 0.072-0.106 in males (holotype 0.072), 0.073-0.076 in females (Inger & Marx 1965).

Coloration: holotype brown above, yellow below, the dark pigment endin
g abruptly on center of third scale row; dorsal scales without network; head brown above, the dark pigment ending in an oblique line from upper edge of second supralabial to lower third of fifth; supralabials yellow, the first dark brown dorsally and anteriorly; asmallyellowspotnearlateralmarginofparietal; headimmaculate yellow below; ventrals immaculate yellow; dorsal brown color extending ventrally on tail to cover most of subcaudals, leaving a short yellow stripe along central part of each row of subcaudals (Inger & Marx 1965). 
Comment 
EtymologyNamed after Dick Hillenius (1927-1987), Dutch biologist, writer, and teacher. 
References
  • Das, I. & Yaakob, N. 2007. Status of knowledge of the Malaysian herpetofauna. In Status of biological diversity in Malaysia & threat assessment of plant species in Malaysia. in: L. S. L. Chua, L. G. Kirton & L. G. Saw (eds.), Status of biological diversity in Malaysia & threat assessment of plant species in Malaysia. Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, pp. 31-81
  • Grismer, L. L., H. Kaiser & N. S. Yaakob 2004. A new species of Reed Snake of the genus Calamaria H. Boie, 1827, from Pulau Tioman, Pahang, West Malaysia. Hamadryad 28 (1&2): 1-6 - get paper here
  • Inger, R. F. & H. MARX 1965. The systematics and evolution of the oriental colubrid snakes of the genus Calamaria. Fieldiana: Zoology 49: 1-304. - get paper here
  • Inger, R.F. & Voris, H. K. 2001. The biogeographical relations of the frogs and snakes of Sundaland. Journal of Biogeography 28: 863-89 1
  • Stuebing, R.B., Inger, R.F. & Lardner, B. 2014. A field guide to the snakes of Borneo, second edition. Natural history Publications (Borneo)
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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