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Calliophis melanurus (SHAW, 1802)

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Higher TaxaElapidae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesCalliophis melanurus sinhaleyus DERANIYAGALA 1951
Calliophis melanurus melanurus (SHAW 1802) 
Common NamesE: Indian Coral Snake, Slender Coral Snake
G: Schlanke Korallenschlange 
SynonymColuber melanurus SHAW 1802: 552
Vipera trimaculata DAUDIN 1803 (fide SMITH 1943)
Callophis trimaculatus — GÜNTHER 1859: 83 (fide SMITH 1943)
Calliophis trimaculatus BOULENGER 1896: 397
Callophis trimaculatus — WALL 1906: 307
Callophis trimaculatus — WALL 1908: 38
Callophis trimaculatus — D’ABREU 1913
Callophis melanurus — SMITH 1943: 420
Callophis melanurus — SHARMA 1971: 89
Calliophis melanurus — WELCH 1994: 41
Hemibungarus melanurus — SCHLEICH & KÄSTLE 2000: 20
Calliophis melanurus — SLOWINSKI, BOUNDY & LAWSON 2001
Calliophis melanurus — SMITH et al. 2012
Calliophis melanurus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 146

Calliophis melanurus sinhaleyus DERANIYAGALA 1951
Calliophis melanurus sinhaleyus DERANIYAGALA 1951: 148
Calliophis melanurus sinhaleyus — GOLAY et al. 1993: 124 
DistributionIndia (Gujarat, Maharashtra [A. Captain, pers. Comm.], Kerala, Eastern Ghats, Telangana),
Bangladesh, Sri Lanka

melanurus: India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [?]); Type locality: Bengal, Nerva.

sinhaleyus: Sri Lanka  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: BMNH 1946.1.17.86 (58.11.26.7) (P. Russell, June 1788), fide Wallach et al. 2014: 146. According to the BMNH catalogue this is the type of V. trimaculata.
Holotype: NMSL (Colombo Museum) [sinhaleyus] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (868 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentVenomous!

Subspecies: Calliophis melanurus nigrescens is now considered as a valid species.

Distribution: Possibly in Bhutan (Lenz 2012). 
EtymologyNamed after Greek melanos (μέλανος), black, apparently referring to the black head color, and possibly Greek oura (ουρα), tail, as the tail is also partially black. 
References
  • Blackburn, D.G. 1993. STANDARDIZED CRITERIA FOR THE RECOGNITION OF REPRODUCTIVE MODES IN SQUAMATE REPTILES. Herpetologica 49 (1): 118-132 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1896. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum, Vol. 3. London (Taylor & Francis), xiv + 727 pp. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, George A. 1890. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. Taylor & Francis, London, xviii, 541 pp. - get paper here
  • D'Abreu, E.A. 1913. The Occurrence of the Slender Coral Snake (Callophis trimaculatus) at Nagpur, Central Provinces. J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 22: 634 - get paper here
  • Deraniyagala, P.E.P. 1951. Some new races of the snakes Eryx, Callophis, and Echis. Spolia Zeylanica, 26: 147-150
  • Deshmukh, Rahul V.; Sagar A. Deshmukh, and Swapnil A. Badhekar 2018. New state records of the Slender Coralsnake, Calliophis melanurus (Shaw 1802), and the Yellow-spotted Wolfsnake, Lycodon flavomaculatus Wall 1907, in Chhattisghar, India. IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians 25 (3): 194–196 - get paper here
  • Deshmukh, Rahul V.; Sagar A. Deshmukh, Swapnil A. Badhekar, and Roshan Y. Naitame 2020. Snakes of Bhandara District, Maharashtra, Central India with notes on natural history. IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians 27 (1): 10–17 - get paper here
  • Ganesh S.R., Bubesh Guptha 2021. Herpetological diversity in the Central Eastern Ghats, Peninsular India. Journal of Animal Diversity 3 (3): 18-44 - get paper here
  • Ganesh, S.R.; A. Kalaimani, P. Karthik, N. Baskaran, R. Nagarajan & S.R.Chandramouli 2018. Herpetofauna of Southern Eastern Ghats, India – II From Western Ghats to Coromandel Coast. Asian Journal of Conservation Biology, July 2018. Vol. 7 No. 1, pp. 28-45 - get paper here
  • Günther,A. 1859. On the genus Elaps of Wagner. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1859: 79-89 - get paper here
  • Guptha, M. Bubesh & M. Rajasekhar 2011. Sighting of Slender Coral Snake Calliophis melanurus in Seshachalam Hills, Eastern Ghats, India: a new record. Reptile Rap (12): 4-6 - get paper here
  • Jigar, Solanki; Khare Rounak and Andhale Atmaram Vitthal 2022. CHECKLIST OF SNAKES FOUND IN MAVAL TALUKA, PUNE, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA. CIBTech Journal of Zoology 11: 182-192 - get paper here
  • Karunarathna, Suranjan D. M. S. and A. A. Thasun Amarasinghe 2011. A PRELIMINARY SURVEY OF THE REPTILE FAUNA IN NILGALA FOREST AND ITS VICINITY, MONARAGALA DISTRICT, SRI LANKA. Taprobanica 3 (2): 69-76 - get paper here
  • Mirza, Zeeshan & Saunak Pal 2010. Notes on the effect of a bite from Calliophis melanurus Shaw, 1802 (Serpents: Elapidae: Calliophinae). Reptile Rap (9): 7-8 - get paper here
  • Mirza, Zeeshan A. and Javed J. Ahmed 2009. Note on predation of Calliophis melanurus Shaw, 1802 (Serpents: Elapidae) by Scolopendra sp. Hamadryad 34 (1): 166 - get paper here
  • Murthy, T.S.N. 2010. The reptile fauna of India. B.R. Publishing, New Delhi, 332 pp.
  • Palot, M.J. 2015. A checklist of reptiles of Kerala, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 7(13): 8010–8022 - get paper here
  • Pandya M, Raval K, Sasikumar K, Tyagi S, Rawtani D. 2022. A retrospective assessment of the diversity of Venomous and Non-venomous snakes in the Valsad region of Southern Gujarat. Species, 2022, 23(71), 132-140 - get paper here
  • Patel, Harshil; and Raju Vyas 2019. Reptiles of Gujarat, India: Updated Checklist, Distribution, and Conservation Status. Herpetology Notes 12: 765-777 - get paper here
  • Patel, Harshil; Raju Vyas, Bhautik Dudhatra, Vaibhav Naik, Ashish Chavda, Devendra Chauhan, Amit Vaghashiya, Ramesh Vagadiya and Pranav Vaghashiya 2019. Preliminary report on Herpetofauna of Mount Girnar, Gujarat, India. Journal of Animal Diversity 1 (2): 9–35 - get paper here
  • Patel, Harshil; Raju Vyas, Vaibhav Naik, Bhautik Dudhatra & Shantilal K. Tank 2018. Herpetofauna of the Northern Western Ghats of Gujarat, India. Zoology and Ecology, DOI: 10.1080/21658005.2018.1499237 - get paper here
  • Salunkhe, Rajendra Vishnu 2023. Snakes of Indapur: Diversity and Awareness. Bhumi Publishing, ISBN: 978-93-88901-31-4 - get paper here
  • Seetharamaraju, Midathala; Gandla Chethan Kumar & Chemala Srinivasulu 2019. Notizen zur seltenen Schlanken Korallenschlange Calliophis melanurus (Shaw, 1802) (Serpentes: Elapidae: Calliophinae) vom Bundesstaat Telangana, Indien. Notes on the rare Slender Coral Snake Calliophis melanurus (Shaw, 1802) (Serpentes: Elapidae: Cal Sauria 41 (2): 50-54 - get paper here
  • Sharma, R. C. 2004. Handbook Indian Snakes. AKHIL BOOKS, New Delhi, 292 pp.
  • Sharma, R.C. 1971. The reptile fauna of the Nagarjunasagar Dam area (Andhra Pradesh, India). Records Zool. Survey India 63: 77–93 [1965] - get paper here
  • Shaw, G. 1802. General Zoology, or Systematic Natural History. Vol.3, part 2. G. Kearsley, Thomas Davison, London: 313-615 - get paper here
  • Shine, G. & P.O. Nameer 2012. First record of Slender Coral Snake Calliophis melanurus (Shaw, 1802) south of the Palghat Gap, Western Ghats. Reptile Rap (14): 33–35 - get paper here
  • Slowinski, Joseph B.; Boundy, Jeff & Lawson,R. 2001. The phylogenetic relationships of Asian coral snakes (Elapidae: Calliophis and Maticora) based on morphological and molecular characters. Herpetologica 57 (2): 233-245 - get paper here
  • Smith, M.A. 1943. The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. 3 (Serpentes). Taylor and Francis, London. 583 pp.
  • Visvanathan, A., Anne, S., Kolli, A. K., & Vangari, S. M. 2022. Snakes of Telangana: An annotated checklist with new locality records and notes on natural history. Reptiles & Amphibians, 29(1), 279-285 - get paper here
  • Vyas, Raju 2007. Present conservation scenario of reptile fauna in Gujarat State, India. Indian Forester, Oct 2007: 1381-1394 - get paper here
  • Vyas, Raju 2007. Herptofauna of Puma Wildlife Sanctuary, Gujarat, India. Reptile Rap (8): 10-15 - get paper here
  • Wall, F. 1906. The poisonous snakes of India and how to recognize them, Part II. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 17: 299-334 - get paper here
  • Wall, F. 1908. The poisonous terrestrial snakes of our British Indian dominions and how to recognise them, 2nd ed. Bombay, Bombay Natural History Society - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Whitaker, Romulus and Ashok Captain 2004. Snakes of India. Draco Books, 500 pp., reprinted 2007 - get paper here
 
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