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Calumma parsonii (CUVIER, 1825)

IUCN Red List - Calumma parsonii - Near Threatened, NT
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Higher TaxaChamaeleonidae, Sauria, Iguania, Squamata (lizards)
SubspeciesCalumma parsonii cristifer (METHUEN & HEWITT 1913)
Calumma parsonii parsonii (CUVIER 1824) 
Common NamesE: Parson’s chameleon 
SynonymChamaeleo parsonii CUVIER 1825: 269
Cameleonis rarissima PARSONS 1768
Chamaeleo Parsonii — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1836: 231
Chamaeleo partonsi — KAUDERN 1922: 431 (in error)
Calumma parsonii — KLAVER & BÖHME 1986
Chamaeleo parsonii — BONETTI 2002: 66

Calumma parsonii cristifer (METHUEN & HEWITT 1913)
Chamaeleon parsonsi var. cristifer METHUEN & HEWITT 1913
Calumma parsonii — NECAS 1999: 247
Calumma parsoni cristiferum — LUTZMANN & LUTZMANN 2004
Calumma cristiferum — WALBRÖL & WALBRÖL 2004
Calumma cristiferum — WALBRÖL & WALBRÖL 2005
Calumma parsoni cristifer — GLAW 2005
Calumma parsonii cristifer — LUTZMANN 2016

Calumma parsonii parsonii (CUVIER 1824)
Chamaeleo parsonii CUVIER 1824
Chamaeleo madecasseus LESSON 1832
Chamaeleo madecassus — FITZINGER 1843 (in error)
Dicranosaura parsonii — GRAY 1865: 354
Chamaeleo parsonsi parsonsi METHUEN & HEWITT 1913 (err. pro C. p. parsonii CUVIER 1824)
Chamaeleon partonsi KAUDERN 1922 (err. pro C. parsonii CUVIER 1824)
Chamaeleon parsonsii — BOULENGER 1887 (n. emend. pro Chamaeleo parsonii CUVIER 1824)
Chamaeleo madecassus LESSON 1832
Calumma parsonii — GLAW & VENCES 1994: 250 
DistributionN/E Madagascar (Périnet)

cristifer: CE Madagascar (around Analamazaotra)

Type locality: not given  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: lost, was MNHN-RA, presumed lost (fide BRYGOO 1983: 4); based on CUVIER (1824): plate XVI, figs. 30-31 (from KLAVER & BÖHME 1997)
Syntypes: DNMNH (= TM) 4222 – 4227 (6 specimens) [cristifer] 
Diagnosis 
CommentIllustration: a female is shown by SCHMIDT 2010: 65 (top) and p. 116 (bottom, not a C. globferum) fide Weiß (2013, Reptilia 101: 64). 
EtymologyNamed after James Parsons (1705-1770), a physicist, who first described the species as Cameleonis rarissima, a name that was hardly ever used. However, Cuvier dedicated the species to Parsons in his description more than 50 years later.

C. p. cristifer was named after Latin crista, a tuft, comb, crest + Latin -fer, carry, bear. 
References
  • Andreone F., Randrianirina J., Jenkins P.D. & Aprea G. 2000. Species diversity of Amphibia, Reptilia and Lipotyphla (Mammalia) at Ambolokopatrika, a rainforest between the Anjanaharibe-Sud and Marojejy massifs, NE Madagascar. Biodiversity and Conservation 9: 1587–1622 - get paper here
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Bonetti, Mathilde 2002. 100 Sauri. Mondadori (Milano), 192 pp. - get paper here
  • Brygoo, E.R. 1983. Les types de Caméléonidés (Reptiles, Sauriens) du Muséum national d‘Histoire naturelle. Catalogue critique. Bull. Mus. Hist. nat., Paris, 5: 1—26.
  • Cuvier, G.L.C.F.D. 1825. Recherches sur les ossemens fossiles de quadrupèdes, où l'on rétablit les caractères du plusieurs espèces d'animaux que les révolutions du globe paroissent avoir détruites. Dufour & d'Ocagne, Paris. ed. 3, 5 vols. [[Parts of this 5 volume edition are cited as appearing from 1821 to 1824; volume 5 appeared in 1825. It consists mostly of articles reprinted from Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. See also Cuvie - get paper here
  • Duméril, A.M. C. and G. Bibron. 1836. Erpetologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complete des Reptiles. Vol. 3. Libr. Encyclopédique Roret, Paris, 528 pp. - get paper here
  • Glaw ,F. & Vences, M. 1994. A Fieldguide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar. Vences & Glaw Verlag, Köln (ISBN 3-929449-01-3)
  • Glaw, F. 2005. Babylonische Sprachverwirrung. Reptilia (Münster) 10 (51): 12 - get paper here
  • Glaw, F. 2015. Taxonomic checklist of chameleons (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae). [type catalogue] Vertebrate Zoology 65 (2): 167–246 - get paper here
  • Gray,J.E. 1865. Revision of the genera and species of Chamaeleonidae, with the description of some new species. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 15: 340-354 - get paper here
  • Kaudern, W. 1922. Sauropsiden aus Madagascar. Zool. Jahrb. Syst. 45: 395-458. - get paper here
  • Klaver, Ch. J.J. & Böhme,W. 1997. Chamaeleonidae. Das Tierreich, 112: XIV, 1-85
  • Krüger, Jens 1999. Neue Erkenntnisse zur Faunistik einiger Reptilien Madagaskars. Salamandra 35 (2): 65-76 - get paper here
  • Laube, Alexandra; Andreas Augustin & Thorsten Negro 2023. Parsons-Chamäleons (Calumma parsonii parsonii) – die sanften Riesen Madagaskars. Elaphe 2023 (3): 26-34
  • Laube, Alexandra; Thorsten Negro, Andreas Augustin 2020. 781 days in the egg: Prolonged incubation time in Calumma parsonii parsonii (Cuvier, 1824) resulting in a healthy juvenile and revealing circumstantial evidence for sperm retention in this species. Herpetology Notes 13: 425-428 - get paper here
  • Love, B. 2005. Calumma parsonii - Parson’s chameleon. Reptilia (GB) (43): 43-46 - get paper here
  • Lutzmann, N. 2016. Chamäleons. Immer wieder Neues. Reptilia 21 (119): 16-24
  • Lutzmann, N. & Lutzmann, H. 2004. Das grammatikalische Geschlecht der Gattung Calumma (Chamaeleonidae) und die nötigen Anpassungen einiger Art- und Unterartbezeichnungen. Reptilia (Münster) 9 (48): 4-5 (Addendum in issue 5: 13) - get paper here
  • Lutzmann, N.; Kremer, G.; van Steendam, N. & Flamme, A. 2004. Auf Chamäleonsuche entlang der Route National 2 von Antananarivo bis an die Ostküste bei Ambila-Lemaitso. [Madagascar]. Draco 5 (19): 50--55 - get paper here
  • Meier, H. 1975. Überraschende Beobachtungen bei Chamaeleo parsonii cristifer. Das Aquarium, Wuppertal, 68: 78-78
  • Methuen, P. A. & J. Hewitt 1913. On a collection of reptiles from Madagascar made during the year 1911. Annals Transvaal Mus. 3 (4): 183-193. - get paper here
  • Nečas, Petr 1999. Chameleons - Nature's Hidden Jewels. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt; 348 pp.; ISBN 3-930612-04-6 (Europe)<br />ISBN 1-57524-137-4 (USA, Canada)
  • Okajima Y, Kumazawa Y 2010. Mitochondrial genomes of acrodont lizards: timing of gene rearrangements and phylogenetic and biogeographic implications. BMC Evolutionary Biology 10:141 - get paper here
  • Parker,H.W. 1925. New and rare reptiles and batrachians from Madagascar. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 16: 390-394 - get paper here
  • PARSONS, J. 1768. An account of a particular species of Cameleon. Philosophical Transactions 58: 192-195
  • RAXWORTHY, C.J.; ENRIQUE MARTINEZ-MEYER; NED HORNING; RONALD A. NUSSBAUM; GREGORY E. SCHNEIDER; MIGUEL A. ORTEGA-HUERTA & A. TOWNSEND PETERSON 2003. Predicting distributions of known and unknown reptile species in Madagascar. Nature 426: 837 - 841 - get paper here
  • Rovatsos, Michail; Marie Altmanová , Martina Johnson Pokorná , Petr Velenský , Antonio Sánchez Baca Orcid and Lukáš Kratochvíl 2017. Evolution of Karyotypes in Chameleons. Genes 8(12): 382; doi:10.3390/genes8120382 - get paper here
  • Schmidt, W. 1992. Freiland- und Haltungsbeobachtungen an Parsons Chamäleon Calumma parsonii (CUVIER, 1824). Salamandra 28 (3-4): 195-201 - get paper here
  • Schmidt, W.; Tamm, K. & Wallikewitz, E. 2010. Chamäleons - Drachen unserer Zeit. Natur und Tier Verlag, 328 pp. [review in Reptilia 101: 64, 2013] - get paper here
  • Schneider, C. 2016. Reptiliensuche auf Madagaskar. Reptilia 21 (118): 74-79 - get paper here
  • Tröger, M. 1996. Anmerkungen zu langjähriger Pflege, Haltung und ersten Schritten der Nachzucht von Calumma parsonii (CUVIER 1824). Elaphe 4 (4): 2-12
  • van Hoof, J. et al. 2006. Kameleons, een fascinerende hobby. Lacerta 64 (5-6): 1-96 - get paper here
  • Walbröl, U. & Walbröl, H.-D. 2004. Bemerkungen zur Nomenklatur der Gattung Calumma (GRAY 1865) (Reptilia: Squamata: Chamaeleonidae). Sauria 26 (3): 41-44 - get paper here
  • Walbrol, U.; Walbrol, H.D. 2005. Additional remarks on the nomenclature of the genus Calumma GRAY, 1865. Sauria 27 (2): 33-35 - get paper here
  • Zimmermann, H. 2001. Das erste “deutsche” Naturschutzgebiet in Madagaskar, der “Drachenbaum-Regenwald Maromiza bei Andasibe und seine Herpetofauna. Herpetofauna 23 (134): 28-34 - get paper here
  • Zimmermann, H. 2002. Madagaskar - Paradies für Naturtouristen und Naturwissenschaftler. Herpetofauna 24 (140): 5-12 - get paper here
 
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