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Caribicus warreni (SCHWARTZ, 1970)

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Higher TaxaDiploglossidae, Diploglossa, Anguimorpha, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Hispaniolan Giant Galliwasp, Haitian giant Galliwasp 
SynonymDiploglossus warreni SCHWARTZ 1970:780
Diploglossus carraui INCHAÚSTEGUI, SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1985: 196
Diploglossus carraui — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1991: 403
Diploglossus warreni — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1991: 406
Celestus warreni — POWELL et al. 1996: 66
Celestus carraui — POWELL et al. 1996: 65
Celestus warreni carraui — HALLERMANN & BÖHME 2002
Celestus warreni warreni — HALLERMANN & BÖHME 2002
Celestus warreni — LANGNER 2019
Caribicus warreni — SCHOOLS & HEDGES 2021
Caribicus warreni — SCHOOLS & HEDGES 2024: 34 
DistributionHispaniola (N Haiti), Dominican Republic, Ile de la Tortue

Type locality: Palmiste, Île de la Tortue, Département du Nord-Ouest, Haiti.

carraui: Hispaniola (N Dominican Republic); Type locality: Comedero, La Isabela, Puerto Plata Province, República Dominicana.  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesHolotype: AMNH 103214.
Holotype: USNM 197369 [carraui] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (carraui): A species of Diploglossus characterized by: 1) large size (snout-vent length to 283 mm in males; females unknown); 2) throat and venter pale creamy with scattered dark brown markings, either toward the centers of ventral scales or along their edges, the markings randomly placed in each individual; 3) head scales not outlined in black; 4) nuchal scales posterior to enlarged head scales without dark pigment along median sutures so that neck region is not obviously lineate; 5) supralabial intercalated scales absent [from INCHAÚSTEGUI et al. 1985]. 
CommentFor illustrations see Henderson and Schwartz, 1984. HALLERMANN & BÖHME 2002 suggested to relegate several species of Celestus to subspecies status of C. warreni, in particular C. carraui and C. anelpistus. For illustrations of C. carraui see Henderson, 1988.

Synonymy: POWELL & HENDERSON (2003) synonymized C. carraui with C. warreni. The relationship of the two is still unclear as C. carraui is only known from 3 specimens (Hallermann & Böhme 2002). 
EtymologyNamed after Mr. C. Rhea Warren, who apparently helped to collect the types or helped to organize the collection trip. 
References
  • Augstenová, Barbora, Eleonora Pensabene, Lukáš Kratochvíl, and Michail Rovatsos. 2021. Cytogenetic Evidence for Sex Chromosomes and Karyotype Evolution in Anguimorphan Lizards. Cells 10, no. 7: 1612 - get paper here
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Hallermann, J. & W. Böhme 2002. On giant anguids from the West Indies with special reference to Celestus warreni ( Schwartz, 1970) and its relatives from Hispaniola (Reptilia: Squamata: Anguidae). Mitt. Hamb. Zool. Mus. Inst. 99: 169-178
  • Henderson, R W. 1988. Diploglossus warreni Schwartz. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (426 - get paper here
  • Henderson, R. W. 1988. Diploglossus carraui Inchaustegui, Schwartz, and Henderson. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (425. - get paper here
  • Henderson, R.W., and Schwartz, A. 1984. A guide to the identification of the amphibians and reptiles of Hispaniola. Spec. PubI. Milwaukee Public Mus. Biol. and Geol. (4):1-70.
  • Inchaústegui, S. J., A. Schwartz, and R. W. Henderson. 1985. Hispaniolan giant Diploglossus (Sauria: Anguidae): Description of a new species and notes on the ecology of D. warreni. Amphibia-Reptilia 6: 195-201. - get paper here
  • Langner, Ch. 2019. Ich komme Dir auf die Schliche! Verkanntes Schleichenvolk – die interessanten Echsen der Familie Anguidae. Reptilia (Münster) 24 (136): 16-27 - get paper here
  • Powell, R. & Henderson, R.W. 2003. The taxonomic and conservation status of Giant Hispaniolan Celestus (Anguidae). Carib. J. Sci. 39: 237-240
  • Powell, R. & Incháustegui, S.J. 2009. Conservation of the herpetofauna of the Dominican Republic. Applied Herpetology 6: 103–122 - get paper here
  • Powell, R., R. W. Henderson, K. Adler, And H. A. Dundee. 1996. An annotated checklist of West Indian amphibians and reptiles. In R. Powell and R. W. Henderson (eds.), Contributions to West Indian Herpetology: A Tribute to Albert Schwartz, p.51-93. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Ithaca (New York). Contributions to Herpetology, volume 12. [book review in Salamandra 36 (2): 136]
  • Powell, Robert, José A. Ottenwalder, Sixto J. Incháustegui, Robert W. Henderson and Richard E. Glor. 2000. Amphibians and reptiles of the Dominican Republic: Species of special concern. Oryx 34 (2): 118-128 - get paper here
  • SCHOOLS, M., & HEDGES, S. B. 2024. A new forest lizard fauna from Caribbean islands (Squamata, Diploglossidae, Celestinae). Zootaxa, 5554(1): 1-306 - get paper here
  • SCHOOLS, MOLLY & S. BLAIR HEDGES 2021. Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the Neotropical forest lizards (Squamata, Diploglossidae). Zootaxa 4974 (2): 201–257 - get paper here
  • Schwartz, A. 1970. A new species of large Diploglossus (Sauria: Anguidae) from Hispaniola. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 82: 777-787. - get paper here
  • Schwartz, A. & Henderson, R.W. 1991. Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 720 pp.
 
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