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Celestus occiduus (SHAW, 1802)

IUCN Red List - Celestus occiduus - Critically Endangered, CR
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Higher TaxaDiploglossidae, Diploglossa, Anguimorpha, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Jamaican Giant Galliwasp, Sinking Galliwasp 
SynonymLacerta Occidua SHAW 1802: 288
Scincus gallivasp DAUDIN 1802: 239
Diploglossus Shawii — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1839: 590
Diploglossus Cliftii — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1839: 595 (fide BRYGOO 1987)
Celestus impressus COPE 1868: 127 (fide GRANT 1951)
Diploglossus occiduus — BOULENGER 1885: 290
Macrogongylus brauni WERNER 1901: 299 (fide BÖHME & FISCHER 1998)
Celestus occiduus — BARBOUR 1910: 297
Celestus impressus — BARBOUR 1910: 298
Celestus occiduus occiduus — GRANT 1940: 108
Celestus occiduus — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1991: 378
Celestus occiduus — WILSON 2011
Celestus occiduus — SCHOOLS & HEDGES 2021
Celestus occiduus — SCHOOLS & HEDGES 2024: 92 
DistributionJamaica (Antilles)

Type locality: Jamaica.  
Reproductionovoviviparous 
TypesHolotype: BMNH XV.1 18a. (photos in Schools & Hedges 2021)
Lectotype: ANSP 9225 [C. impressus]
Syntypes: MNHN 1227 (2675), 175 (77?) mm (= MHNP) [shawii] 
DiagnosisUnfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 13033 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentConservation: now probably extinct; last reports are from the 1840s (Langner 2019).

Synonymy: partly after BRYGOO 1987.

Abundance: only known from the type locality (Meiri et al. 2017). 
EtymologyFrom the Latin occiduus meaning western, probably in reference to its geographic distribution. 
References
  • Barbour, T. 1910. Notes on the herpetology of Jamaica. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 52: 273—301 - get paper here
  • Böhme, W. & E. Fischer 1998. Verification of species identity and geographic origin of an extinct lizard (Reptilia: Anguidae: Celestus occiduus) based on stomach contents, with comments on other undiscovered large lizards. Cryptozoology 13: 23-37
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2, Second edition. London, xiii+497 pp. - get paper here
  • Brygoo, E. R. 1987. Les types d'Anguid és (Reptiles, Sauriens) du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle Catalogue critique. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 4e ser., 9, sect. A (Zool., BioI. & Ecol. anim.), (2), supplement, 3-20. - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1868. An examination of the Reptilia and Batrachia obtained by the Orton Expedition to Equador and the Upper Amazon, with notes on other species. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 20: 96-140 - get paper here
  • Duméril, A. M. C. and G. Bibron. 1839. Erpétologie Générale on Histoire Naturelle Complète des Reptiles. Vol. 5. Roret/Fain et Thunot, Paris, 871 pp. - get paper here
  • Grant, C. 1940. The herpetology of Jamaica Il. The reptiles. Bull. Inst. Jamaica., Sci. Ser. 1: 61-148.
  • Joseph-Ouni, M. 2005. Profiles of Extinction #12: Jamaican Giant Galliwasp - Celestus occiduus. Reptilia (GB) (38): 4 - get paper here
  • Langner, Ch. 2019. Ich komme Dir auf die Schliche! Verkanntes Schleichenvolk – die interessanten Echsen der Familie Anguidae. Reptilia (Münster) 24 (136): 16-27 - get paper here
  • Meiri, Shai; Aaron M. Bauer, Allen Allison, Fernando Castro-Herrera, Laurent Chirio, Guarino Colli, Indraneil Das, Tiffany M. Doan, Frank Glaw, Lee L. Grismer, Marinus Hoogmoed, Fred Kraus, Matthew LeBreton, Danny Meirte, Zoltán T. Nagy, Cristiano d 2017. Extinct, obscure or imaginary: the lizard species with the smallest ranges. Diversity and Distributions 24 (2): 262-273 - get paper here
  • Rutherford M 2024. Lizard with a Double-Ended Tail—Is That All? Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 8: e137370 - get paper here
  • SCHOOLS, M., & HEDGES, S. B. 2024. A new forest lizard fauna from Caribbean islands (Squamata, Diploglossidae, Celestinae). Zootaxa 5554(1): 1-306 - get paper here
  • SCHOOLS, MOLLY & S. BLAIR HEDGES 2021. Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the Neotropical forest lizards (Squamata, Diploglossidae). Zootaxa 4974 (2): 201–257 - get paper here
  • Schwartz, A. & Henderson, R.W. 1991. Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 720 pp.
  • Shaw, GEORGE 1802. General zoology or systematic natural history, vol. 3, Pt 1. Thomas Davison, London, viii+312 pp - get paper here
  • Werner, F. 1901. Neue Reptilien des Königsberger Zoologischen Museums. Zool. Anz. 24: 297-301 - get paper here
  • Wilson, Byron S. 2011. Conservation of Jamaican amphibians and reptiles. In: Hailey et al., eds, Conservation of Caribbean Island Herpetofaunas Volume 2: 273-310 - get paper here
 
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