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Centrochelys sulcata (MILLER, 1779)

IUCN Red List - Centrochelys sulcata - Vulnerable, VU
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Higher TaxaTestudinidae, Testudinoidea, Testudines (turtles)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Sahel Tortoise, African Spurred Tortoise
G: Spornschildkröte 
SynonymTestudo sulcata MILLER 1779: plate 26
Testudo calcarata SCHNEIDER 1784 (nom. subst. pro T. sulcata Miller)
Testudo radiata [var.] senegalensis GRAY 1831
Testudo sulcata — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1835: 74
Testudo sulcata — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1854: 220
Testudo sulcata — SOWERBY 1872
Geochelone sulcata — PRITCHARD 1967
Geochelone sulcata — ERNST & BARBOUR 1989: 249
Centrochelys sulcata — DEVAUX 2004
Geochelone sulcata — VALVERDE 2004
Centrochelys sulcata — VALVERDE 2005
Geochelone sulcata — LE et al. 2006
Centrochelys (Geochelone) sulcata — BONIN et al 2006
Centrochelys sulcata — CHIRIO & LEBRETON 2007
Centrochelys sulcata — TRAPE, CHIRIO & TRAPE 2012
Centrochelys sulcata — TTWG 2014
Centrochelys sulcata — TTWG 2021 
DistributionEthiopia, Eritrea, Sudan (Jumhūriyyat), Republic of South Sudan (RSS), Chad, Niger, Mali, S Mauritania, Senegal, Central African Republic (range generally lies along the southern perimeter of the Sahara Desert), Cameroon

Type locality: "India orientali" (in error); incorrectly listed as "Westindien" by Wermuth and Mertens 1961:224, and Wermuth and Mertens 1977:90.  
Reproductionoviparous. Temperature‐dependent sex determination (TSD) fide Nemesházi & Bókony 2023. 
TypesHolotype: unlocated; although ZSM 2753/0 has the notation 'lectotype' in the museum's species catalog: however, this number is three juveniles of Geochelol/e deniculata according to Crumly (pers. comm., cited in Iverson 1992) 
Diagnosis 
CommentType species: Testudo sulcata MILLER 1779 is the type species of the genus Centrochelys GRAY 1872. 
References
  • Berg, M. van den et al. 2013. Traumterrarien. Reptilia (Münster) 18 (100): 16-27 - get paper here
  • Böhme, Wolfgang 2022. Nördlicher (subrezenter?) Rand-Nachweis der Spornschildkröte Centrochelys sulcata (miLLer, 1779) aus dem nördlichen Sudan. Sauria 44 (2): 67-72
  • Bonin, F., Devaux, B. & Dupré, A. 2006. Turtles of the World. English translation by P.C.H. Pritchard. Johns Hopkins University Press, 416 pp.
  • Chirio, L. & Lebreton, M. 2007. Atlas des reptiles du Cameroun. MNHN, IRD, Paris 688 pp.
  • Devaux, B. 2004. Centrochelys sulcata. The tortoise that weeps. Reptilia (GB) (37): 20-26 - get paper here
  • Duméril, A. M.C., G. BIBRON & A. DUMÉRIL 1854. Erpétologie générale ou Histoire Naturelle complète des Reptiles. Vol. 9. Paris, XX + 440 S. - get paper here
  • Duméril, A.M.C., and G. Bibron. 1835. Erpétologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complète des Reptiles, Vol. 2. Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris, iv + 680 p. - get paper here
  • Ernst,C.H. and Barbour,R.W. 1989. Turtles of the World. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. - London
  • Hedges SB, Powell R, Henderson RW, Hanson S, and Murphy JC 2019. Definition of the Caribbean Islands biogeographic region, with checklist and recommendations for standardized common names of amphibians and reptiles. Caribbean Herpetology 67: 1–53
  • Herz, Mario 2010. Die Spornschildkröte Geochelone sulcata. Natur und Tier Verlag, 64 pp. - get paper here
  • Herz, Mario. 2014. Nachzucht der Spornschildkröte (Geochelone sulcata Miller, 1779) in der F3-Generation. Radiata 23 (4): 4-16
  • Hirth, H., and E.M.A. Latif. 1981. Morphometrics of the spurred tortoise, Geochelone sulcata, in the Sudan. Journal of Herpetology 15 (1): 120-121 - get paper here
  • Hughes, B. 1986. Longevity Records of African Captive Amphibians and Reptiles: Part 1: Introduction and Species List 1 - Amphibians and Chelonians. J. Herp. Assoc. Africa (32): 1-5 - get paper here
  • Kaplan, Melissa 1996. African spurred tortoises, Geochelone sulcata. Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 1996 (Sept./Oct.): 32-45
  • Kleiner, M. 1988. Zur Haltung und Zucht der Spornschildkröte Geochelone sulcata (MILLER 1779). Herpetofauna 10 (52): 6-10 - get paper here
  • Largen, M.J.; Spawls, S. 2010. Amphibians and Reptiles of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 694 pp.
  • Le, Minh; Christopher J. Raxworthy, William P. McCord and Lisa Mertz 2006. A molecular phylogeny of tortoises (Testudines: Testudinidae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 450 (2): 517-531 - get paper here
  • Livoreil, Barbara; and Van Der Kuyl, Antoinette C. 2005. Genetic Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Eastern and Western African Spurred Tortoises (Geochelone sulcata). Chelonian Conserv. Biol. 4 (4): 951-954.
  • Love, B. 2018. Die Öffentlichkeit im Dunkeln tappen lassen. Reptilia 23 (133): 64-65 - get paper here
  • Loveridge, Arthur & Williams, Ernest E. 1957. Revision of the African Tortoises and Turtles of the Suborder Cryptodira. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 115 (6): 163-557 - get paper here
  • McGovern, P., & Luiselli, L. 2023. Knowledge gaps and conservation priorities for west African chelonians,. Amphibia-Reptilia 44 (2): 121-137 - get paper here
  • Miller, L. 1779. Icones animalium et plantarum (Various subjects of natural history, wherein are delineated birds, animals, and many curious plants . . .). Letterpress, London. 10 pp. [published 1776-1782] - get paper here
  • Nemesházi, E., Bókony, V. 2023. HerpSexDet: the herpetological database of sex determination and sex reversal. Sci Data 10, 377 - get paper here
  • Nickel, H. & ould Selah, D. 2006. African Spurred tortoises in Mauritania. Geochelone sulcata. Reptilia (GB) (48): 60-64 - get paper here
  • Padial, J. M. 2006. COMMENTED DISTRIBUTIONAL LIST OF THE REPTILES OF MAURITANIA (WEST AFRICA). Graellsia, 62(2): 159-178 - get paper here
  • Petrozzi, F. et al. 2020. Centrochelys sulcata (Miller 1779) – African Spurred Tortoise, Grooved Tortoise, Sahel Tortoise, Tortue Sillonnée. In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., van Dijk, P.P., Stanford, C.B., Goode, E.V., Buhlmann, K.A., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Conserva Chelonian Research Monographs 5(14): 110.1–16 - get paper here
  • Petrozzi, Fabio, Luca Luiselli, Godfrey C. Akani and Edem A. Eniang. 2015. Supplementary distribution data of Centrochelys sulcata (Miller, 1779), in northern Nigeria (West Africa). Herpetozoa 28 (1/2): 92-94 - get paper here
  • Petrozzi, Fabio; Emmanuel Hema, Djidama Sirima, Benoit Doamba, Gabriel Hoinsoudé Segniagbeto, Tomas Diagne, Nioking Amadi, Giovanni Amori, Godfrey C. Akani, Edem Eniang, Laurent Chirio, Luca Luiselli 2018. Distance-Generated Field Density Estimates for the Threatened Sahel Tortoise Centrochelys sulcata. Russ. J. Herpetol. 25 (2): 83-87 - get paper here
  • Petrozzi, Fabio; Emmanuel M. Hema, Djidama Sirima, Benoit Douamba, Gabriel Hoinsoudé Ségniagbeto, Tomas Diagne, Nioking Amadi, Giovanni Amori, Godfrey C. Akani, Edem A. Eniang, Laurent Chirio, and Luca Luiselli 2017. Habitat Determinants of the Threatened Sahel Tortoise Centrochelys sulcata at Two Spatial Scales. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 12 (2) - get paper here
  • Petrozzi, Fabio; Emmanuel M. Hema, Gabriel Hoinsoudé Ségniagbeto, Nioking Amadi, Godfrey C. Akani, Russell L. Burke, Laurent Chirio & Luca Luiselli 2019. Correlates of African Spurred Tortoise, Centrochelys sulcata, Occurrence in the West African Sahel. Chelonian Conservation and Biology Jun 2019 Vol. 18, No. 1: 19-23 - get paper here
  • Ritz, Julia; Griebeler, Eva Maria; Huber, Ruth; Clauss, Marcus 2010. Body size development of captive and free-ranging African spurred tortoises (Geochelone sulcata): high plasticity in reptilian growth rates. The Herpetological Journal 20: 213-216 - get paper here
  • Romairone, Adrian 1996. Dimorfismo sexual en ejemplares adultos de Geochelone sulcata (Miller, 1779). Reptilia 2 (8): 50 - get paper here
  • Sindaco, R. & Jeremcenko, V.K. 2008. The reptiles of the Western Palearctic. Edizioni Belvedere, Latina (Italy), 579 pp. - get paper here
  • Sirsi, Shashwat, MacLaren, Andrew R. and Forstner, Michael R. J. 2017. Centrochelys sulcata (= Geochelone sulcata) (African Spurred Tortoise) Swimming. Herpetological Review 48 (1): 172 - get paper here
  • Sow, Andack Saad; Duarte Vasconcelos Gonçalves, Fábio Vieira Sousa, Fernando Martínez- Freiría, Frederico Santarém, Guillermo Velo-Antón, Hamidou Dieng, João Carlos Campos, Saer Khayar Diagne, Zbyszek Boratyński, José Carlos Brito 2017. Atlas of the distribution of amphibians and reptiles in the Diawling National Park, Mauritania. Basic and Applied Herpetology - get paper here
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