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Ceratophora stoddartii GRAY, 1834

IUCN Red List - Ceratophora stoddartii - Endangered, EN
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Higher TaxaAgamidae (Draconinae), Sauria, Iguania, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Mountain Horned Agama, Rhino-horned lizard
G: Stachelnase, Hornagame 
SynonymCeratophora stoddartii GRAY 1834: 68 (286)
Ceratophora Stoddartii — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1837: 434
Ceratophora Hoddartii — KELAART 1854: 138 (in error ?)
Ceratophora stoddartii — FERGUSON 1877: 13
Ceratophora stoddartii — BOULENGER 1885: 277
Ceratophora stoddartii — BOETTGER 1892: 69
Ceratophora stoddarti — SMITH 1935: 152
Ceratophora stoddarti — TAYLOR 1953: 1561
Ceratophora stoddartii — MANTHEY & SCHUSTER 1999: 39
Ceratophora stoddertii [sic] — BARTS & WILMS 2003: 8 
DistributionSri Lanka (Ceylon)

Type locality: Ceylon  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: BMNH 1946.8.27.37, male 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus): see PETHIYAGODA & MANAMENDRA-ARACHCHI 1998: 4.


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CommentHabitat: subarboreal

Conservation: “Uncommon” and endangered in Sri Lanka (BAHIR & SURASINGHE 2005).

Type species: Ceratophora stoddartii GRAY 1834 is the type species of the genus Ceratophora GRAY 1834. Ceratophora GISTERL 1848 is a genus of Mollusca; Ceratophora HEINEMANN 1870 is a genus of Microlepidoptera; Ceratophora SCHUTT 1896 is a genus of Flagellata.

Key: KARUNARATHNA et al. 2020 present a key to the Sri Lanken species of Ceratophora.

Reference images: see Uetz et al. 2024 for high-resolution reference images for this species. 
EtymologyNamed after Lieutenant Colonel Charles Stoddart (r806-1842), a diplomat and a spy for the British Empire. He was at the siege of Her at (r838) (then in Afghanistan, now in Iran) and later that year was sent to Bokhara to try to form an alliance with Nasrullah Khan, Emir of Bokhara. 
References
  • Amarasinghe, A. A. T.; U. Manthey, E. Stöckli, I. Ineich, S. 0 Kullander, F. Tiedemann, C. McCarthy & D. E. Gabadage 2009. The original descriptions and figures of Sri Lankan agamid lizards (Squamata: Agamidae) ofthe 18th and 19th centuries. Taprobanica 1 (1): 2-15 - get paper here
  • Bahir, M.M. & T. Surasinghe 2005. A conservation assessment of the Sri Lankan Agamidae (Reptilia: Sauria). Raffles Bull. Zool., Suppl. No. 12: 407-412 - get paper here
  • Bartelt, U. 1995. Bemerkungen zur Haltung und Nachzucht der Hochlandagame, Ceratophora stoddarti Gray, 1834 (Sauria: Agamidae). Sauria 17 (4): 11-16 - get paper here
  • Bartelt, U. & Janzen, P. 2007. Die Hornagame Ceratophora stoddartii im Biotop und im Terrarium. Draco 7 (30): 34-37 - get paper here
  • Bartelt, Uwe 1996. Ceratophora stoddartii: Ein "Nashorn' im Terrarium. DATZ 49 (6): 376-379
  • Barts, M. & Wilms, T. 2003. Die Agamen der Welt. Draco 4 (14): 4-23 - get paper here
  • Boettger, O. 1892. Listen von Kriechtieren und Lurchen aus dem tropischen Asien und aus Papuasien. Ber. Tät. Offenb. Ver. Nat., Offenbach, 29 - 32: 65 - 164 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. Geckonidae, Eublepharidae, Uroplatidae, Pygopodidae, Agamidae. London: 450 pp. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, George A. 1890. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. Taylor & Francis, London, xviii, 541 pp. - get paper here
  • Das, Indraneil & Abhijit Das 2017. A Naturalist’s Guide to the Reptiles of India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. John Beaufoy Publishing Ltd., Oxford, 176 pp.
  • De SILVA 1994. An introduction to the herpetofauna of Sri Lanka. Lyriocephalus, 1 (1-2): 3-19
  • Dieckmann, M. 2011. Ceratophora stoddartii GRAY 1834. Iguana Rundschreiben 24 (2): 17-22
  • Duméril, A. M. C. and G. Bibron. 1837. Erpétologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complete des Reptiles. Vol. 4. Libr. Encyclopédique Roret, Paris, 570 pp. - get paper here
  • Ferguson, W. 1877. Reptile fauna of Ceylon. Letter on a collection sent to the Colombo Museum. Herbert, Ceylon
  • Ferrari, A. & Ferrari, A. 2017. SRI LANKAN ENDEMIC -- THE RHINO LIZARD. Animamundimag: 4-10 - get paper here
  • Gotch, A. F. 1986. Reptiles - Their Latin Names Explained. Blandford Press, 176 pp.
  • Gray. J. E. 1834. Illustrations of Indian Zoology, chiefly selected from the collection of Major - General Hardwicke. Vol. 2. London (1833-1834): 263 pp., 95 plates - get paper here
  • Günther, A. 1864. The Reptiles of British India. London (Taylor & Francis), xxvii + 452 pp. - get paper here
  • Harport, V. 2015. Eine Rundreise durch Sri Lanka. Reptilia (Münster) 20 (114): 84-94 - get paper here
  • Janssen, Jordi and Anslem de Silva 2019. The presence of protected reptiles from Sri Lanka in international commercial trade. TRAFFIC Bulletin 31 (1): 9 - get paper here
  • JANZEN, P. 2021. Morningside – ein herpetologisches Highlight Sri Lankas. Sauria 43 (1): 9-37 - get paper here
  • Janzen, P.; Klaas, P. & Ziesmann, S. 2007. Die Agamen der Insel [Sri Lanka]. Draco 7 (30): 24-33 - get paper here
  • Jayasekara, Dulan; Lakshika<br />Keerthirathna, Dharshani<br />Mahaulpatha 2020. Population densities and conservation assessment of three threatened agamid species in Horton Plains National Park, Sri Lanka. Journal of Wildlife and Biodiversity, DOI: 10.22120/jwb.2020.118316.1115 - get paper here
  • Jayasekara, EGDP; WAD Mahaulpatha and Anslem De Silva 2018. Habitat utilization of endangered rhino horned lizard (Ceratophora stoddartii) (Sauria: Agamidae) in the Horton Plains National Park, Sri Lanka. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 6(4): 1544-1549 [note: this appears to be a predatory journal with little if any peer review] - get paper here
  • Karunarathna S, Poyarkov NA, Amarasinghe C, Surasinghe T, Bushuev AV, Madawala M, Gorin VA, De Silva A. 2020. A new species of the genus Ceratophora Gray, 1835 (Reptilia: Agamidae) from a lowland rainforest in Sri Lanka, with insights on rostral appendage evolution in Sri Lankan agamid lizards. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 14(3) [Taxonomy Section]: 103–126 (e259)
  • Kelaart, EDWARD FRED 1854. Catalogue of reptiles collected in Ceylon. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (2) 13: 137-140 - get paper here
  • Macey, J. R., J. A. Schulte II, A. Larson, N. B. Ananjeva, Y. Wang, R. Pethiyagoda, N. Rastegar-Pouyani, T. J. Papenfuss 2000. Evaluating trans-Tethys migration: an example using acrodont lizard phylogenetics. Systematic Biology 49 (2): 233-256 - get paper here
  • Manthey,U. & SCHUSTER,N. 1999. Agamen, 2. Aufl. Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster), 120 pp. - get paper here
  • Pethiyagoda, R. & K. Manamendra-Arachchi 1998. A revision of the endemic Sri Lankan agamid lizard genus Ceratophora Gray, 1835, with description of two new species. Journal of South Asian natural History 3 (1): 1
  • Schulte, II , James A.; J. Robert Macey, Rohan Pethiyagoda and Allan Larson 2002. Rostral Horn Evolution among Agamid Lizards of the Genus Ceratophora Endemic to Sri Lanka. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 22: 111-117 - get paper here
  • Smith, M.A. 1935. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Reptiles and Amphibia, Vol. II. Sauria. Taylor and Francis, London, 440 pp.
  • Somaweera, R. & Somaweera, N. 2009. Lizards of Sri Lanka: a colour guide with field keys. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 304 pp.
  • Taylor, E.H. 1953. A review of the lizards of Ceylon. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 35 (12): 1525-1585 - get paper here
  • Udagedara, USC; KAPMK Karunarathna 2014. Ceratophora stoddartii from Kegalle District (Sabaragamuwa Province), Sri Lanka. Taprobanica 6 (1): 59 - get paper here
  • Uetz, P.H.; Patel, M.; Gbadamosi, Z.; Nguyen, A.; Shoope, S. 2024. A Reference Database of Reptile Images. Taxonomy 4: 723–732 - get paper here
  • Wijerathne, I., Karunarathna, S., Sursinghe, T., Vidanapathirana, D. R., Ukuwela, K., Wickramasinghe, S., ... & Fernando, S. 2025. Identification of Priority Areas for Conservation of Threatened Agamid Lizards of Sri Lanka Using Species Distribution Modeling. Integrative Conservation - get paper here
 
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