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Cercophis auratus (SCHLEGEL, 1837)

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Schlegel's Golden Snake
Portuguese: Bicuda, Cipó-Liquenosa, Cobra-Cipó, Cobra-Cipó-Metálica, Cobra-de-Bronze, Cobra-Líquen 
SynonymDendrophis aurata SCHLEGEL 1837: 227
Cercophis aurata — FITZINGER 1843: 26
Dendrophis auratus — SCHLEGEL 1858: 46
Uromacer Ricardinii PERACCA 1897
Leptophis flagellum ANDERSSON 1901: 13
Leptophis vertebralis WERNER 1909: 221
Uromacerina ricardinii — AMARAL 1929
Leptophis ahaetulla (LINNAEUS 1758) — AMARAL 1930: 161 (part)
Leptophis occidentalis occidentalis (GÜNTHER 1859) — AMARAL 1930: 162 (part)
Leptophis ahaetulla liocercus — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 162 (part)
Leptophis ahaetulla liocercus — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1986: 162 (part)
Cercophis auratus — HOOGMOED 1983: 226
Uromacerina richardii [sic] — POR 1992: 54
Cercophis auratus — HOOGMOED 1997
Uromacerina ricardinii — JORGE SUZART ARGOLO 2001
Cercophis auratus — CLAESSEN 2003
Uromacerina ricardinii — ZAHER et al. 2011
Cercophis auratus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 156
Uromacerina ricardinii — WALLACH et al. 2014: 778
Cercophis auratus — HOOGMOED et al. 2019
Cercophis auratus — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019 
DistributionSuriname, Brazil (Rio de Janeiro etc.)

Type locality: Paramaribo, Suriname

Uromacer ricardinii: Brazil (Sao Paulo, Santa Catarina, Rio de Janeiro, Parana, Rio Grande do Sul, Pará, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais [HR 35: 85]); Type locality: Sao Paulo  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: RMNH 813, a 570 mm specimen (Dieperink).
Holotype: MRSN (= MSNTO) R1769 [ricardinii]
Holotype: NRM 1981 [flagellum]
Holotype: lost, was ZMH (J. Hallermann, pers. comm., 18 Apr 2024) [vertebralis] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus): Small slender, apparently arboreal, snakes having a very long tail (41-49% of total length), ending in a sharp tip. Eye large, pupil round. Maxillary teeth 19-20, followed by a distinct diastema andtwolarger, ungrooved teeth. Head long and flattened, with a complete complement of head scales (no fusions). Supralabials 8, rarely 9, with 4th and 5th (5th and 6th) entering orbit; infralabials 10; 1 or 2 (rarely) loreal(s); preocular 1;postoculars 2.Temporals basically 1+2,but thefirst onemay be divided i n several ways. Ventrals 140-149, anal divided, subcaudals paired, 129-163. Ventrals without lateral keels. Dorsal scales i n 15-15-11 oblique rows, smooth, very narrow, the vertebral one, the paravertebral ones (only from middle of body) and the first row on each side slightly enlarged; no apical pits or anal ridges. Scales on tail in four rows [Hoogmoed 1997: 64]


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CommentSynonymy: after Hoogmoed et al. 2019; Uromacer Ricardinii was synonymized with Cercophis auratus by Hoogmoed et al. 2019. HOGE 1959 included Leptophis vertebralis and Leptophis flagellum ANDERSSON 1901 in the synonymy of Uromacerina ricardinii.

Type species: Dendrophis aurata SCHLEGEL 1837: 227 is the type species of the genus Cercophis FITZINGER 1843.

Type species: Uromacer Ricardinii PERACCA 1897 is the type species of the genus Uromacerina AMARAL 1930: 18.

Habitat: fully arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018). 
EtymologyThe species is named after Latin “aurum” = gold.

The genus was named after Greek “cercos” = tail and “ophis” = snake. 
References
  • Amaral,A. do 1930. Estudos sobre ophidios neotropicos XVIII. Lista remissiva dos ophidios da região neotropica. Mem. Inst. Butantan 4: 126-271 [1929] - get paper here
  • Andersson, L.G. 1901. Some new species of snakes from Cameroon and South America, belonging to the collections of the Royal Museum in Stockholm. Bihang till Kongliga Svenska Vet. Akad. Handlingar 27 (4): 1-26 - get paper here
  • Argôlo, Antônio Jorge Suzart 2001. Geographic distribution. Uromacerina ricardinii. Herpetological Review 32 (3):196-197 - get paper here
  • Bérnils, R.S.; Batista, M.A. & Bertelli, P.W. 2001. Cobras e lagartos do Vale: levantamento das espécies de Squamata (Reptilia, Lepidosauria) da Bacia do Rio Itajai, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Rev. Est. Ambientais (Blumenau) 3 (1): 69-79
  • Bezerra, Castiele Holanda; Ferreira Guilhon, Bruno; Lima Ramos, Antônio Rafael; Borges-Nojosa, Diva Maria 2020. First record of the rare snake Cercophis auratus (Schlegel, 1837) (Serpentes: Colubridae: Dipsadinae) in a relictual forest enclave in Caatinga. Cuad. herp. 34 (2): - get paper here
  • Claessen, H. 2003. De slangen can de Guyana’s. Deel iv. Lacerta 61 (1): 19-27 - get paper here
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  • Dorigo, Thiago Arnt; Carla Costa Siqueira; Jane C. F. Oliveira; Luciana Ardenghi Fusinatto; Manuela Santos-Pereira; Marlon Almeida-Santos; Thiago Maia-Carneiro; Caroline N. C. Reis; Carlos Frederico Duarte Rocha 2021. Amphibians and reptiles from the Parque Nacional da Tijuca, Brazil, one of the world’s largest urban forests Anfíbios e répteis do Parque Nacional da Tijuca, Brasil, uma das maiores florestas urbanas do mundo. Biota Neotropica 21 (2) - get paper here
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  • França, R. C., França, F. G., Rödder, D., & Solé, M. 2022. Historical collection of snakes from Brazil by herpetologist and biogeographer Paul Müller (1940–2010), deposited at the Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Germany. Bonn zoological Bulletin 71 (1): 41–49 - get paper here
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  • Hamdan, B. & R. M. Lira-da-Silva 2012. The snakes of Bahia State, northeastern Brazil: species richness, composition and biogeographical notes. Salamandra 48 (1): 31-50 - get paper here
  • Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here
  • Hartmann, Paulo Afonso. 2006. Uromacerina ricardinii Reproduction. Herpetological Review 37 (1): 95-96 - get paper here
  • Hoge,A.R. 1959. ÉTUDE sur Uromacerina ricardinii PERACCA (Serpentes). Mem. Inst. Butantan 28 [1957-1958]: 77-79 - get paper here
  • Hoogmoed, M. S. 1983. Snakes of the Guianan region. Mem. Inst. Butantan 42 [1982]: 219-254 - get paper here
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  • Hoogmoed, Marinus S.; Ronaldo Fernandes, Christoph Kucharzewski, Julio Cesar Moura-Leite, Renato S. Bérnils, Omar Machado Entiauspe-Neto & Filipe Pereira Rêgos dos Santos 2019. Synonymization of Uromacer ricardinii Peracca, 1897 with Dendrophis aurata Schlegel, 1837 (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae: Dipsadinae), a Rare South American Snake with a Disjunct Distribution. South American J. Herp. 14 (2): 88-102 - get paper here
  • Hoogmoed,M.S. 1997. Rediscovery of a forgotten snake in an unexpected place and remarks on a small herpetological collection from southeastern Brazil. Zoologische Mededelingen 71 (1-18): 63-81 - get paper here
  • Lema, Thales de 1973. Ocorréncia de Uromacerina ricardinii (Peracca 1897) no Rio Grande do Sul e contribuicao ao conhecimento dessa rara serpente (Ophidia, Colubridae). Iheringia, Série Zoologia 44: 64-73
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