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Chamaeleo monachus GRAY, 1865

IUCN Red List - Chamaeleo monachus - Near Threatened, NT
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Higher TaxaChamaeleonidae, Sauria, Iguania, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Socotra Chameleon 
SynonymChamaeleon monachus GRAY 1865: 470
Chamaeleon verrucosus BLYTH 1853 (not CUVIER) (nom. oblit.)
Chamaeleo (Chamaeleo) monachus — NECAS 1999: 280
Chamaeleo monachus — TILBURY & TOLLEY 2009
Chamaeleo monachus — TILBURY 2010: 514
Chamaeleo monachus — CAMPBELL & DENZER 2020 
DistributionYemen (Socotra Island)

Type locality: restricted to Socotra Island, Yemen, by Campbell & Denzer 2020.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: BMNH 1946.8.21.98, male 
Diagnosis 
CommentTerra typica: Madagascar (in error) 
EtymologyNamed after Gr. monachos > L. monachus, solitary, hooded: probably referring to the large occipital lobes resembling the hood of a monk and/or to the isolated occurrence on Socotra island, Yemen (Charles Klaver, pers. comm., 11 Jan 2023). 
References
  • Blyth,E. 1854. Notices and descriptions of various reptiles, new or little-known. Part I. J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 22 [1853]: 639-655 - get paper here
  • Böhme, W. & Das, I. 2001. An overlooked but invalid senior synonym of chamaeleo monachus GRAY 1865 (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae). Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 50 (1-2): 31-34 - get paper here
  • CAMPBELL, PATRICK D; WOLFGANG DENZER 2020. Annotated catalogue of chameleon types in the collection of the Natural History Museum, UK (NHMUK) (Reptilia: Squamata: Chamaeleonidae). Zootaxa 4742 (3): 481–500 - get paper here
  • Glaw, F. 2015. Taxonomic checklist of chameleons (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae). [type catalogue] Vertebrate Zoology 65 (2): 167–246 - get paper here
  • Gray, J. E. 1865. Revision of the genera and species of Chamaeleonidae, with the description of some new species. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1864: 465-479. - get paper here
  • Gray,J.E. 1865. Revision of the genera and species of Chamaeleonidae, with the description of some new species. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 15: 340-354 - get paper here
  • Macey, J. Robert; Jennifer V. Kuehl, Allan Larson, Michael D. Robinson, Ismail H. Ugurtas, Natalia B. Ananjeva, Hafizur Rahman, Hamid Iqbal Javed, Ridwan Mohamed Osman, Ali Doumma, Theodore J. Papenfuss 2008. Socotra Island the forgotten fragment of Gondwana: Unmasking chameleon lizard history with complete mitochondrial genomic data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 49 (3): 1015-1018 - get paper here
  • NECAS, P 2010. On the Biology of the Chameleons of Southern Arabia II. The Socotra Chameleon, Chamaeleo monachus Gray, 1865. [in German]. Sauria 32 (2): 35-41 - get paper here
  • Necas, P. 1994. Bemerkungen zur Chamäleon-Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, mit vorläufiger Beschreibung eines neuen Chamäleons aus Kenia (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae). Herpetozoa 7 (3/4): 95-108. - get paper here
  • Necas, Petr 1999. Chameleons - Nature's Hidden Jewels. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt; 348 pp.; ISBN 3-930612-04-6 (Europe)<br />ISBN 1-57524-137-4 (USA, Canada)
  • Razzetti, Edoardo; ROBERTO SINDACO, CRISTINA GRIECO, FRANCESCA PELLA, UGO ZILIANI, FABIO PUPIN, ELISA RISERVATO, DANIELE PELLITTERI-ROSA, LUCA BUTIKOFER, AHMED SAEED SULEIMAN, BADAR AWADH AL-ASEILY, CATERINA CARUGATI, ELEONORA BONCOMPAGNI & MAURO FAS 2011. Annotated checklist and distribution of the Socotran Archipelago Herpetofauna (Reptilia). Zootaxa 2826: 1–44 - get paper here
  • Rösler, H. & Wranik, W. 2004. A key and annotated checklist to the reptiles of the Socotra archipelago. Fauna of Arabia 20: 505-534
  • Schmidt, W.; Tamm, K. & Wallikewitz, E. 2010. Chamäleons - Drachen unserer Zeit. Natur und Tier Verlag, 328 pp. [review in Reptilia 101: 64, 2013] - get paper here
  • Tilbury, C. 2010. Chameleons of Africa: An Atlas, Including the Chameleons of Europe, the Middle East and Asia. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt M., 831 pp.
  • Tilbury, C. R. & Tolley, Krystal A. 2009. A re-appraisal of the systematics of the African genus Chamaeleo (Reptilia: Chamaeleonidae). Zootaxa 2079: 57–68 - get paper here
 
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