You are here » home › advanced search › Chelonoidis carbonarius

Chelonoidis carbonarius (SPIX, 1824)

iNaturalist logo

Can you confirm these amateur observations of Chelonoidis carbonarius?

Add your own observation of
Chelonoidis carbonarius »

Find more photos by Google images search: Google images

Higher TaxaTestudinidae, Testudinoidea, Testudines (turtles)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Red-footed Tortoise
G: Köhlerschildkröte
Portuguese: Jaboti, Jabuti, Jabuti-Piranga, Jabuti-Vermelho 
SynonymTestudo carbonaria SPIX 1824
Testudo boiei WAGLER 1830
Geochelone (Chelonoidis) boiei — FITZINGER 1835
Geochelone (Chelonoidis) tabulata — FITZINGER 1835 (partim)
Testudo carbonaria — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1835: 99
Testudo carbonaria — BELL 1836-1842
Testudo (Chelonoidis) boiei — TSCHUDI 1845
Testudo Carbonaria — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1854: 220
Testudo tabulata — BOULENGER 1889 (partim)
Geochelone carbonaria — WILLIAMS 1960
Testudo carbonaria — WERMUTH & MERTENS 1961
Geochelone (Chelonoidis) carbonaria — PRITCHARD 1967
Testudo (Chelonoidis) carbonaria — WERMUTH & MERTENS 1977
Chelonoidis carbonaria — BOUR 1980
Geochelone carbonaria — ERNST & BARBOUR 1989: 253
Geochelone carbonaria — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1991: 169
Chelonoidis carbonaria — CEI 1993
Geochelone atlantica LÓPEZ-JURADO et al. 1998
Geochelone carbonaria — GORZULA & SEÑARIS 1999
Geochelone carbonaria — ZIEGLER et al. 2002
Chelonoidis carbonaria — MCCORD & JOSEPH-OUNI 2004
Chelonoidis carbonaria — LE et al. 2006
Geochelone carbonaria — DALTRY 2007
Chelonoidis carbonaria — MCNISH 2011
Chelonoidis carbonaria — TTWG 2014
Chelonoidis carbonarius — OLSON & DAVID 2014
Chelonoidis carbonarius — TTWG 2017: 123
Chelonoidis carbonarius — TTWG 2021 
DistributionNicaragua (Great Corn Island and mainland locations), SE Panama, Colombia (west of the Andes in Choco), east of the Andes in E Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, Suriname, E Brazil (south to Rio de Janeiro; seems absent from almost all but the eastern parts of the Amazon Basin: Rio Grande do Sul, Goias, Espírito Santo, Ceará, Bahia, Sergipe, Piaui etc.), Peru, E Bolivia, Paraguay, N Argentina, Trinidad, Virgin Islands (St. Croix); introduced to a number of Carribean Islands (incl. Providencia, Grenadine islands, St. Kitts)

Type locality: "Habitat sub cognomine "Capitary" (?) ad flumen Amazonum," South America (cited in KING & BURKE 1989).  
Reproductionoviparous. Temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD)mechanism with females produced at, or above, 29°C. 
TypesLectotype: iconotype, Hoogmoed and Gruber (1983:354), selected as lectotype plate XVI of Spix 1824. Holotype: orignally ZSM, now lost. 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (1935 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentSynonymy modified after CEI 1993.

Hybridization: FRITZ (1995) reports hybrids between Geochelone radiata and G. carbonaria.

Daniel O’Malley (e-mail as of 12 June 2009) thinks that Chelonoidis_carbonaria4.jpg is actually C. denticulata.

Type species: Testudo boiei WAGLER 1833 is the type species of the genus Chelonoidis FITZINGER 1835: 112, 122 (see also FITZINGER 1843).

Nomenclature: The gender of this genus is masculine, contrary to previous belief (OLSON & DAVID 2014).

Phylogenetics: for a phylogenetic tree of the species in the genus see Pereira et al. 2017.

Distribution: the genus seems to have an African origin, given its close relationship with Geochelone and Kinixys (Selvatti et al. 2023).

Extinct species: Chelonoidis sombrerensis, the Sombrero Giant Tortoise, apparently has gone extinct and is only known from subfossil remains. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin carbonarius, a, um, ‘relating to coal’.

The genus name is derived from Greek “chelonos” = turtle. 
References
  • Bell, T. 1836. A monograph of the Testudinata. London, 1836-1842 (sometimes given as 1832-1836, not date given, unnumbered pages) - get paper here
  • Bernardo, PH.; R.A. Guerra-Fuentes; W.Matiazzi; H. Zaher 2012. Checklist of Amphibians and Reptiles of Reserva Biológica do Tapirapé, Pará, Brazil. Check List 8(5):839-846 - get paper here
  • Bérnils, Renato S.;Antônio de Pádua Almeida João Luiz Gasparini Ana Carolina Srbek-AraujoCarlos Frederico D. Rocha Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues 2014. RÉPTEIS NA RESERVA NATURAL VALE, LINHARES, ESPÍRITO SANTO, BRASIL. Ciência & Ambiente 49: 93-210 - get paper here
  • Betancourth-Cundar, Mileidy & Aquiles Gutiérrez Zamora 2010. ASPECTOS ECOLÓGICOS DE LA HERPETOFAUNA DEL CENTRO EXPERIMENTAL AMAZÓNICO, PUTUMAYO, COLOMBIA ECOTRÓPICOS 23 (2): 61-78 - get paper here
  • Bonin, F., Devaux, B. & Dupré, A. 2006. Turtles of the World. English translation by P.C.H. Pritchard. Johns Hopkins University Press, 416 pp.
  • Bruekers, J. 2003. Kolebranderschildpadden (Geochelone carbonaria) verantwoord buiten houden; is dat mogelijk ? Lacerta 61 (2): 65-68 - get paper here
  • Buchert, P. 2011. Köhlerschildkröten - begehrte, aber anspruchsvolle Pfleglinge. Elaphe 19 (3): 44-50
  • Cacciali, Pier; Norman J. Scott, Aida Luz Aquino Ortíz, Lee A. Fitzgerald, and Paul Smith 2016. The Reptiles of Paraguay: Literature, Distribution, and an Annotated Taxonomic Checklist. SPECIAL PUBLICATION OF THE MUSEUM OF SOUTHWESTERN BIOLOGY, NUMBER 11: 1–373 - get paper here
  • Castaño-Mora, O.V., and M. Lugo R. 1981. Estudio comparativo del comportamiento de dos especies de morrocoy: Geochelone carbonaria y Geochelone denticulata y aspectos comparables de su morfología esterna. Cespedesia 10:55-122
  • Cei, J. M. 1993. Reptiles del noroeste, nordeste y este de la Argentina. Museo Regionale Sci. Naturale Torino, Monografie 14: 1-949
  • Censky, Ellen J. 1988. Geochelone carbonaria (Reptilia: Testudines) in the West Indies. Florida Scientist 50 (2): 108-114 - get paper here
  • Cole, Charles J.; Carol R. Townsend, Robert P. Reynolds, Ross D. MacCulloch, and Amy Lathrop 2013. Amphibians and reptiles of Guyana, South America: illustrated keys, annotated species accounts, and a biogeographic synopsis. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 125 (4): 317-578; plates: 580-620 - get paper here
  • Colvée, S. 2002. Geochelone carbonaria: reproductive aspects of the Redfoot Tortoise in captivity. Reptilia (GB) (21): 58-66 - get paper here
  • Daltry, Jennifer C. 2007. An introduction to the herpetofauna of Antigua, Barbuda and Redonda, with some conservation recommendations. Applied Herpetology 4 (2): 97-130. - get paper here
  • Daudin, Jacques; de Silva, Mark. 2007. An annotated checklist of the amphibians and terrestrial reptiles of the Grenadines with notes on their local natural history and conservation. Applied Herpetology 4 (2):163-175 - get paper here
  • Duméril, A. M.C., G. BIBRON & A. DUMÉRIL 1854. Erpétologie générale ou Histoire Naturelle complète des Reptiles. Vol. 9. Paris, XX + 440 S. - get paper here
  • Duméril, A.M.C., and G. Bibron. 1835. Erpétologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complète des Reptiles, Vol. 2. Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris, iv + 680 p. - get paper here
  • Dwyer, Quetzal; and Javier Sunyer 2015. Chelonoidis carbonarius (Spix, 1824): a member of the Nicaraguan herpetofauna.Milton Salazar-Saavedra, Julio César Loza, Maynor Fernández, José Gabriel Martínez-Fonseca,. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (4): 571 - get paper here
  • Echeverry-Alcendra A 2019. Chelonoidis carbonarius. Catálogo de Anfibios y Reptiles de Colombia 5(1): 13-29
  • Engin, Erol 2005. Hiilikilpikonnan (Geochelone carbonaria) hoito ja lisä ntyminen. Herpetomania 14 (3-4):17-23.
  • Ernst,C.H. and Barbour,R.W. 1989. Turtles of the World. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. - London
  • Ferguson, Gary W. 1977. Display and Communications in Reptiles: An Historical Perspective. American Zoologist 17: 167-176 - get paper here
  • Fernandes-Ferreira, Hugo; Sanjay Veiga Mendonça, Rono Lima Cruz, Diva Maria Borges-Nojosa, and <br>Rômulo Romeu Nóbrega Alves 2013. Hunting of Herpetofauna in Montane, Coastal and Dryland Areas of Northeastern Brazil. Herp. Cons. Biol. 8 (3) - get paper here
  • Ferreira, A. S. 2021. Rapid survey of the herpetofauna of Estação Ecológica Alto Maués: a rarely accessed area in the Brazilian Amazonia. Biota Amazônia 11(1): 22-28 - get paper here
  • Fitzinger, Leopold 1836. Entwurf einer Systematischen Anordnung der Schildkröten nach den Grundsätzen der Natürlichen methode. Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte 1 (1): 103-128 [1835][Facsimile Reprint, SSAR 1997] - get paper here
  • Freitas, Marco Antonio de; Arthur Diesel Abegg, Daniel da Silva Araújo, Hugo Estevam de Almeida Coelho, Weverton dos Santos Azevedo, Márcio Frazão Chaves, Geraldo Jorge Barbosa de Moura 2019. Herpetofauna of five "Brejos de Altitude" of the interior of the state of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. Herpetology Notes 12: 591-602 - get paper here
  • Freitas, Marco Antonio de; Arthur Diesel Abegg, Iuri Ribeiro Dias, Elbano Paschoal de Figueiredo Moraes 2018. Herpetofauna from Serra da Jibóia, an Atlantic Rainforest remnant in the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil. Herpetology Notes 11: 59-72 - get paper here
  • Fritz, U. 1995. Schildkröten-Hybriden. 2. Halsberger-Schildkröten (Cryptodira). Herpetofauna 17 (95): 19-34 - get paper here
  • Gaviria-Hernández, Juliana; Vivian P. Páez, Diber M. Ramírez & Claudia P. Ceballos 2021. Embryo Development and Sex Ratios in the Red-Footed Tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonarius) at Masculinizing Temperatures. Chelonian Conservation and Biology Jun 2021 Vol. 20, No. 1: 71-81 - get paper here
  • Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here
  • Gorzula, Stefan & Senaris, J. Celsa 1999. In: Contribution to the herpetofauna of the Venezuelan Guayana. I: a data base. Scientia Guaianae, Caracas, No. 8 [1998], 269+ pp.; ISBN 980-6020-48-0
  • Gutsche, Alexander 2012. Die Köhlerschildkröte. Terraria-Elaphe 2012 (6): 68-69 - get paper here
  • Hernández-Montoya, Viviana; Vivian P. Páez, and Claudia P. Ceballos 2017. Effects of Temperature on Sex Determination and Embryonic Development in the Red-footed Tortoise, Chelonoidis carbonarius. Chelonian Conservation and Biology In-Press - get paper here
  • Hernández-Montoya, Viviana; Vivian P. Páez, and Claudia P. Ceballos 2017. Effects of Temperature on Sex Determination and Embryonic Development in the Red-footed Tortoise, Chelonoidis carbonarius. Chelonian Conservation and Biology Dec 2017, Vol. 16, No. 2: 164-171. - get paper here
  • Herz, Mario 2016. Zu Besuch bei einer Züchterin von Köhlerschildkröten in Venezuela. Terraria-Elaphe 2016 (4): 46-48 - get paper here
  • Hoogmoed,M.S. and Gruber,U. 1983. Spix and Wagler type specimens of reptiles and amphibians in the Natural History Musea in Munich (Germany) and Leiden (The Netherlands). Spixiana Suppl. 9: 319-415 - get paper here
  • KEHLMAIER, CHRISTIAN; LUIS F. LÓPEZ-JURADO, NAYRA HERNÁNDEZ-ACOSTA, ANTONIO MATEO-MIRAS & UWE FRITZ. 2021. “Ancient DNA” reveals that the scientific name for an extinct tortoise from Cape Verde refers to an extant South American species. Scientific Reports 11(17537): 1–7. - get paper here
  • Knaack, J. 2006. Beobachtungen zum Vorkommen von Geochelone (Chelonoidis) im südlichen Bolivien. Reptilia (Münster) 11 (59): 77-82 - get paper here
  • Köhler, G. 2000. Reptilien und Amphibien Mittelamerikas, Bd 1: Krokodile, Schildkröten, Echsen. Herpeton Verlag, Offenbach, 158 pp.
  • Köhler, G. 2008. Reptiles of Central America. 2nd Ed. Herpeton-Verlag, 400 pp.
  • Kornacker, Paul M.;Meyer zu Heyde, Christian 1998. Herpetologische Eindrücke einer Venezuelareise Teil 3: El Embalse de Guri - der Guri-Stausee. Elaphe 6 (4): 61-69
  • Lambert, Helen; Gemma Carder and Neil D’Cruze 2019. Given the Cold Shoulder: A Review of the Scientific Literature for Evidence of Reptile Sentience. Animals 9: 821 - get paper here
  • Le, Minh; Christopher J. Raxworthy, William P. McCord and Lisa Mertz 2006. A molecular phylogeny of tortoises (Testudines: Testudinidae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 450 (2): 517-531 - get paper here
  • Legler, J. M. 1963. Tortoises (Geochelone carbonaria in Panamá: distribution and variation. American Midland Naturalist 70: 490-503. - get paper here
  • Lehr, E. 2002. Amphibien und Reptilien in Peru. Natur und Tier-Verlag (Münster), 208 pp. - get paper here
  • Leviton, A. E., & ANDERSON, S. C. 1966. Further comments on the behavior of the Panamanian microteiid Echinosaura horrida. Herpetologica 22 (2):160. - get paper here
  • McCord, W.P. & Joseph-Ouni, M. 2004. Chelonian Illustrations #14: North and South American Tortoises. Reptilia (GB) (34): 47-50 - get paper here
  • McNish, T. 2011. La fauna del archipiélago de San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina, Colombia, Sudamérica. Colomba Andina de Impresos, ISBN 978-958-99518-1-1
  • Medina-Rangel, Guido Fabián 2013. CAMBIO EstACIOnAl En El UsO DE lOs RECURsOs DE lA COMUnIDAD DE REptIlEs En El COMplEJO CEnAgOsO DE ZApAtOsA, DEpARtAMEntO DEl CEsAR (Colombia). Caldasia 35 (1): 103-122 - get paper here
  • Mendes-Pinto, T. J. & S. Marques de Souza 2011. Preliminary assessment of amphibians and reptiles from Floresta Nacional do Trairão, with a new snake record for the Pará state, Brazilian Amazon. Salamandra 47 (4): 199-206 - get paper here
  • MENDES-PINTO, TELÊMACO JASON; Mestrando, BERNHARD, RAFAEL, VOGT, RICHARD; PEDRETT, RONNEZZA CÉLLIA LOBATO CAMPOS;GARCIA, RAUBER SANTOS 2011. A COLLECTION OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH OF THE AMAZON. Rev. Colombiana cienc. Anim. 3(2): 238 - get paper here
  • Merchán, Manuel;Fidalgo, Ana M.;Pérez, César 1998. Biology, Distribution and conservation of the Redfoot tortoise, Geochelone carbonaria. Reptilia (GB) (2): 30-38 - get paper here
  • METHNER, K. 1989. Die Schildkröten des unteren Rio Magdalena (Kolumbien). Sauria 11 (4): 9-11 - get paper here
  • Montaño, R.R., E. Cuéllar, L.A. Fitzgerald, F. Soria, F. Mendoza, R. Peña, T. Dosapey, S.L. Deem & A.J. Noss 2013. Ranging patterns by the red-footed tortoise - Geochelone carbonaria (Testudines: Testudinidae) - in the Bolivian Chaco. Ecología en Bolivia 48(1):17-30. - get paper here
  • Morato, S.A.A.; Calixto, P.O.; Mendes, L.R.; Gomes, R.; Galatti, U.; Trein, F.L.; Oliveira, F.S.; Ferreira, G.N. 2014. Guia fotográfico de identificação da herpetofauna da Floresta Nacional de Saracá-Taquera, Estado do Pará. Curitiba: STCP Engenharia de Projetos Ltda.; Porto Trombetas: MRN – Mineração Rio do Norte S.A.; 213 p. - get paper here
  • Morato, Sérgio Augusto Abrahão; Guilherme Nunes Ferreira; Michela Rossane Cavilha Scupino (eds.) 2018. Herpetofauna da Amazônia Central: Estudos na FLONA de Saracá-Taquera. Curitiba, Pr: STCP Engenharia de Projetos Ltda.; Porto Trombetas, Pa: MRN – Mineração Rio do Norte S.A., 2018.<br>210p. - get paper here
  • Mourthe, I. and A. Castro 2017. Chelonoidis carbonaria (Red-footed Tortoise) Scavenging behavior. Herpetological Review 48 (2): 422-423 - get paper here
  • Mourthé, Ítalo 2016. Chelonoidis carbonarius (Red-footed Tortoise). Herpetological Review 47 (4): 651-652 - get paper here
  • Muñoz-Saba, Yaneth; Nathaly Calvo-Roa, Paul Andrés Gómez-Sandoval, Diego Casallas-Pabón John Douglas Lynch, Lucas S. Barrientos, Diego A. Gómez-Sánchez. 2019. Guía de campo de los mamíferos, anfibios y reptiles de Santa María (Boyacá, Colombia). Serie Guías de Campo del Instituto de Ciencias Naturales. N° 23. Bogotá D.C. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá. 317 p - get paper here
  • Noss, A.J.; R.R. Montaño F, F. Soria, S.L. Deem, C.V. Fiorello, and L.A. Fitzgerald 2013. Chelonoidis carbonaria (Testudines: Testudinidae) Activity Patterns and Burrow use in the Bolivian Chaco. South American J. Herp. 8 (1): 19-28. - get paper here
  • O'Malley, D.L. 2010. Geographic and Commercial Origins of the Red-Footed Tortoise. Geochelone (Chelonoidis) carbonaria. Reptilia (GB) (69): 62-68 - get paper here
  • OLIVEIRA LIMA, JEFFERSON; HUGO ANDRADE, TAINARA LIMA DA SILVA & EDUARDO JOSÉ DOS REIS DIAS. 2022. Reptiles of Sergipe: current knowledge and sampling discontinuities. Herpetology Notes 15: 69–78. - get paper here
  • Oliveira, Jane C.F.; Rodrigo Castellari Gonzalez; Paulo Passos; Davor Vrcibradic & Carlos Frederico Duarte Rocha 2020. Non-Avian Reptiles of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: status of knowledge and commented list. Pap. Avulsos Zool. 60: e20206024 - get paper here
  • Olson, Storrs L. and Normand David 2014. The gender of the tortoise genus Chelonoidis Fitzinger, 1835 (Testudines: Testudinidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 126 (4): 393-394. - get paper here
  • Orchard K. 2010. Chelonoidis carbonaria (Red-footed Tortoise). Distribution. Caribbean Herpetology 11: 1 - get paper here
  • Pereira, Anieli G.; Juliana Sterli, Filipe R.R. Moreira, Carlos G. Schrago 2017. Multilocus phylogeny and statistical biogeography clarify the evolutionary history of major lineages of turtles. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution - get paper here
  • Philibosian, R.; Yntema, J. A. 1976. Records and status of some reptiles and amphibians in the Virgin Islands. I. 1968-1975. Herpetologica 32 (1): 81-85 - get paper here
  • Philibosian, R.; Yntema, J. A. 1978. Records and status of some reptiles and amphibians in the Virgin Islands. II. 1975-1976. Herpetologica 34 (1): 47-51 - get paper here
  • Pinto, Gabriel Silva;Yuki, Rubens Nobuo 1999. Geographic distribution. Geochelone carbonaria. Herpetological Review 30 (1): 51 - get paper here
  • Pritchard, P.C.H., and P. Trebbau. 1984. The Turtles of Venezuela. SSAR Contributions to Herpetology 2: viii + 402 pp.
  • RIVAS, GILSON A.; CÉSAR R. MOLINA, GABRIEL N. UGUETO, TITO R. BARROS, CÉSAR L. BAR- RIO-AMORÓS & PHILIPPE J. R. KOK 2012. Reptiles of Venezuela: an updated and commented checklist. Zootaxa 3211: 1–64 - get paper here
  • ROCHA, CARLOS FREDERICO D.; HELENA G.BERGALLO, JOSÉ P. POMBAL JR., LENA GEISE, MONIQUE VAN SLUYS, RONALDO FERNANDES, ULISSES CARAMASCHI 2004. FAUNA DE ANFÍBIOS, RÉPTEIS E MAMÍFEROS DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO, SUDESTE DO BRASIL. Publ. Avul. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro (104): 3-23 - get paper here
  • RODRIGUES NEHEMY, IBRAHIM KAMEL; THAYLLON ORZECHOWSKY GOMES, FERNANDA PAIVA, WESLEY KAUAN KUBO, JOÃO EMÍLIO DE ALMEIDA JÚNIOR, NATHAN FERNANDES NEVES & VINICIUS DE AVELAR SÃO PEDRO. 2022. Herpeto-commerce: A look at the illegal online trade of amphibians and reptiles in Brazil. Cuadernos de Herpetología 36(2): 185–196. - get paper here
  • Rodrigues, M.T. 2003. Herpetofauna da Caatinga. In: I.R. Leal, M. Tabarelli & J.M.C. Silva (eds.). Ecologia e conservação da Caatinga, pp. 181-236. Editora Universitária, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil.
  • Rogner, M. 2012. Die Köhlerschildkröte. Haltung und Vermehrung einer tropischen Schönheit. Reptilia (Münster) 17 (97): 58-62 - get paper here
  • Santos, D.L.; S.P. Andrade; E.P. Victor-Jr.; W. Vaz-Silva 2014. Amphibians and reptiles from southeastern Goiás, Central Brazil. Check List 10 (1): 131-148 - get paper here
  • Santos, S. S., dos Santos, T. F., de Araújo Gomes, I. S., Pereira, O. A., dos Santos, I. M. E. L., & Guzzi, A. 2023. Herpetofauna of Piuaí [sic] state, northeastern Brazil. CONTRIBUCIONES A LAS CIENCIAS SOCIALES, 16(7), 6645-6669 - get paper here
  • Schwartz, A. & Henderson, R.W. 1991. Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 720 pp.
  • Selvatti, Pedro; Alexandre, Filipe Romero Rebello Moreira, Daniel Cardoso de Carvalho, Francisco Prosdocimi, Claudia Augusta de Moraes Russo, and Ana Carolina Martins Junqueira. 2023. Phylogenomics Reconciles Molecular Data with the Rich Fossil Record on the Origin of Living Turtles. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 107773 - get paper here
  • Shibuya, Patrícia Sayuri; Marcos Adriano Tortato, Luiz Gustavo Rodrigues Oliveira Santos 2021. Home-range size and activity of the Red-footed Tortoise, Chelonoidis carbonarius (Spix, 1824) in a Brazilian coastal shrub area. Herpetology Notes 14: 785-789
  • Silva-Soares, T.; R.B. Ferreira; R.O.L. Salles; C.F.D. Rocha. 2011. Continental, insular and coastal marine reptiles from the municipality of Vitória, state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil. Check List 7 (3): 290-298 - get paper here
  • Spix, J.B. von. 1824. Animalia nova; sive, Species novae Testudinum et Ranarum, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis 1817-20 collegit et descripsit. F.S. Hübschmann, München. iv + 53 pp. - get paper here
  • Sunyer, Javier & José́ Gabriel Martínez-Fonseca 2023. An updated country checklist to the amphibians and reptiles of Nicaragua. REVISTA NICARAGÜENSE DE BIODIVERSIDAD (100): 1-25 - get paper here
  • Thorpe, R.S. 2022. Reptiles of the Lesser Antilles. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 608 pp. - get paper here
  • TTWG; Anders G.J. Rhodin, John B. iverson, Roger Bour, Uwe Fritz, Arthur GeoRges, H. BRadley Shaffer, and Peter Paul van Dijk 2017. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (8th Ed.). In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., van Dijk, P.P., Saumure, R.A., Buhlmann, K.A., Pritchard, P.C.H., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Ed Chelonian Research Monographs 7:1–292. doi: 10.3854/crm.7.checklist.atlas.v8.2017 - get paper here
  • TTWG; Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., Bour, R., Fritz, U., Georges, A., Shaffer, H.B., and van Dijk, P.P. 2021. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (9th Ed.). In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., van Dijk, P.P., Stanford, C.B., Goode, E.V., Buhlmann, K.A., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Chelonian Research Monographs 8:1–472. doi:10.3854/crm.8.checklist.atlas.v9.2021. - get paper here
  • Uetanabaro, Masao; Franco Leandro Souza, Paulo Landgref Filho,<br>Arlindo Figueira Beda & Reuber Albuquerque Brandão 2007. Anfíbios e répteis do Parque Nacional da Serra da Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Biota Neotropica 7 (3) - get paper here
  • Ugueto, G.N. & Rivas, G.A. 2010. Amphibians and Reptiles of Margarita, Coche and Cubagua. Frankfurt Contributions to Natural History, Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 350 pp
  • Urioste, Jaime de; Maria José Bethencourt & Beate Pfau 2023. Die Fundación Neotrópico auf Teneriffa: eine sehr spezielle Auffangstation. Elaphe 2023 (2): 72-83
  • Valdivieso, D. & J.R. Tamsitt 1963. A Check List and Key to the Amphibian and Reptiles of Providencia and San Andres. Carib. J. Sci. 3 (2/3): 77-79 - get paper here
  • Valverde, J. 2009. Südamerikanische Schildkröten. Reptilia (Münster) 14 (80): 16-27 - get paper here
  • Vargas-Ramírez, Mario Jérôme Maran and Uwe Fritz 2010. Red- and yellow-footed tortoises, Chelonoidis carbonaria and C. denticulata (Reptilia: Testudines: Testudinidae), in South American savannahs and forests: do their phylogeographies reflect distinct habitats? Organisms Diversity & Evolution 10 (1): 161-172 - get paper here
  • Vaz-Silva, W. et al. 2007. Herpetofauna, Espora Hydroelectric Power Plant, state of Goiás, Brazil. Check List 3 (4): 338-345 - get paper here
  • Vaz-Silva, W.; RM Oliveira, AFN Gonzaga, KC Pinto, FC Poli, TM Bilce, M Penhacek, L Wronski, JX Martins, TG Junqueira, LCC, Cesca VY, Guimarães RD. Pinheiro 2015. Contributions to the knowledge of amphibians and reptiles from Volta Grande do Xingu, northern Brazil Braz. J. Biol., 75 (3) (suppl.): S205-S218 - get paper here
  • Vetter, H. 2005. Turtles of the world, Vol. 3: Central and South America. Edition Chimaira, Terralog 3, 132 pp. - get paper here
  • Vicente-Ferreira, G. S., do Nascimento, E. F., Batista, C. S., Kardush, T. A., Reyes, K. L., & Garey, M. V. 2024. Amphibians and reptiles of the Refúgio Biológico Bela Vista–Itaipu Dam, state of Paraná, southern Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 24, e20231526 - get paper here
  • Villa, J.D. 1993. Presence of the Tortoise Geochelone carbonaria (Reptilia, Testudines) in the Corn Islands, Caribbean Nicaragua. Revista de Biologia Tropical 41 (3B): 924-928 - get paper here
  • Vinke, S.; H. Vetter, T. Vinke, and S. Vetter 2008. South American Tortoises. Chelonoidis carbonaria, C. denticulata and C. chilensis. Chimaira. ISBN 9783899736038. 355 p.
  • Vinke, T. & Vinke, S. 2000. Optimierung der Haltung und Zucht der Köhlerschildkröte Geochelone carbonaria (SPIX 1824) aus der Guyana-Region. Salamandra 36 (4): 233-246 - get paper here
  • Vinke, T. & Vinke, S. 2001. The turtle and tortoise fauna of the central Chaco of Paraguay. Radiata 10 (3): 3-19
  • Vinke, T. & Vinke, S. 2009. Köhlerschildkröten im Gran Chaco – Anpassungen an ein extremes Habitat. Reptilia (Münster) 14 (80): 28-33 - get paper here
  • Vlachos, E. and Rabi, M. 2018. Total evidence analysis and body size evolution of extant and extinct tortoises (Testudines: Cryptodira: Pan-Testudinidae). Cladistics 34: 652–683, doi:10.1111/cla.12227 - get paper here
  • Wagler, J. G. 1830. Descriptiones et icones amphibiorum. Vol. 2. J. G. Cotttae, Stuttgartiae, Monachii et Tubingiae, i-xxiv pp.
  • Wang, Ellen; Camila I. Donatti, Vanda L. Ferreira, Josué Raizer, and Jeffrey Himmelstein 2011. Food Habits and Notes on the Biology of Chelonoidis carbonaria (Spix 1824) (Testudinidae, Chelonia) in the Southern Pantanal, Brazil. South American J. Herp. 6 (1): 11-19. - get paper here
  • Werning, H. 2006. Im Land der Jacarés - das Pantanal. Terraria 1 (1): 72-82
  • Williams, E.E. 1960. Two species of tortoises in northern South America. Breviora (120): 1-13. - get paper here
  • Winchell, S. 2010. Die Reptilien Argentiniens. Reptilia (Münster) 15 (83): 20-27 - get paper here
  • ZIEGLER, T., UNGER, J., FEILER, A. & E. LEHR 2002. The first Gran Chaco expedition of the Museum für Tierkunde Dresden: Records of amphibians, reptiles and mammals from the Dry Chaco of Paraguay (Amphibia, Reptilia, Mammalia). Faunistische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde, Dresden 23: 219-238
  • Zimmerman, Linda C.; andC. Richard Tracy 1989. Interactions between the Environment and Ectothermy and Herbivory in Reptiles. Physiological Zoology, 62(2): 374–409 - get paper here
 
External links  
Is it interesting? Share with others:


Please submit feedback about this entry to the curator