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Chironius exoletus (LINNAEUS, 1758)

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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Linnaeus' Sipo
Portuguese: Caninana, Caninana-Verde-Oliva, Caninana-Verde-Oriental, Cipó, Cobra-Cipó, Cobra-Cipó-Madura, Cobra-Espada, Espia-Caminho, Voadeira 
SynonymColuber exoletus LINNAEUS 1758: 223
Natrix exoleta (LINNAEUS) — LAURENTI 1768
Coluber exoletus — GRAVENHORST 1807: 400
Coluber carinatus (not of LINNAEUS) — MERREM 1820
Coluber pyrrhopogon WIED 1824
Tyria exoleta (LINNAEUS) — FITZINGER 1826
Coluber pyrrhopogon — SCHLEGEL 1826: 288
Erpetodryas exoletus (LINNAEUS) — BOIE 1826
Herpetodryas exoletus (LINNAEUS) — WAGLER 1830
Herpetodryas carinatus COPE 1868 (not of LINNAEUS)
Zaocys tornieri WERNER 1896: 15
Ptyas tornieri — WALL 1923
Chironius carinatus (not of LINNAEUS) — AMARAL 1931
Chironius pyrrhopogon (WIED) — BAILEY 1955
Chironius pyrrhopogon — MÜLLER 1971
Chironius exoletus — HOGE, ROMANO, & CORDEIRO 1978
Chironius exoletus — VANZOLINI in PETERS & OREJAS MIRANDA 1986: 5
Chironius exoletus — STARACE 1998: 146
Chironius exoletus — DIXON et al. 1993: 92
Chironius exoletus — KORNACKER 1999: 71
Chironius exoletus — SAVAGE 2002
Chironius exoletus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 159
Chironius exoletus — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019
Chironius exoletus — BERNAL & DUBOIS 2023 
DistributionCosta Rica, Panama, SE Colombia, Bolivia (Beni);
Brazil (Bahia to Santa Catarina, Espírito Santo, Rio Grande do Sul, Goias, Sergipe, Piauí, Paraíba) [for Chironius pyrrhopogon], Pará: HR 33: 67, Rio de Janeiro),
NE Argentina, E Peru, Ecuador, SE/E Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro, Zulia), Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Paraguay

Type locality: “Indiis” (fide LINNAEUS 1758)

This species inhabits evergreen tropical rainforest, gallery forests, and possibly some deciduous mesophytic subtropical forests.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: UUZM (= ZMUU) 150 of Linnaeus´ Collection at ZMUU, ZMUU 135 according to Hoge et al. (1978) in their redescription of the holotype.
Holotype: lost, was USNM 6706 [Herpetodryas carinatus COPE] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: DIXON et al. 1993: 93 
CommentSynonymy partly after GIRAUDO & SCROCCHI 2002.

Not listed by GASC & RODRIGUES 1980 (but they list Chironius carinatus).

Distribution: Erroneously reported from Indonesia (endemic to Sumatra) [by WERNER 1896, I think]. Map in DIXON et al. 1993: 95. See map in Nogueira et al. 2019.

Habitat: partly arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018). 
EtymologyNamed after Latin: exoletus, ‘having reached the end of growth, adult’, fide Bernal & Dubois 2023. 
References
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