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Chironius foveatus BAILEY, 1955

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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: South American Sipo
Portuguese: cipó, cobra-cipó, cobra-cipó verde
Portuguese: Caninana, Caninana-Verde-de-Cabeça-Preta, Cobra-Cipó, Cobra-Cipó-Verde, Cipó, Cobra-Espada, Cobra-Verde, Serra-Velha 
SynonymChironius foveatus BAILEY 1955: 10
Chironius foveatus — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 60
Chironius multiventris foveatus — DIXON et al. 1993: 164
Chironius foveatus — BÉRNILS et al. 2001
Chironius foveatus — HOLLIS 2006
Chironius foveatus — CRUZ CENTENO et al. 2008
Chironius foveatus — KLACZKO et al. 2010
Chironius foveatus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 160
Chironius foveatus — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019
Chironius foveatus — BERNAL & DUBOIS 2023 
DistributionCoast of Brazil (Santa Catarina, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro)

Type locality: Rio Fortuna, Ilhéus, Bahia.  
Reproductionoviparous. 
TypesHolotype: MNRJ 1840 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: This is the only race of Ch. multiventris with a combination of 163-174 ventrals, yellow-olive ventrals and subcaudals wilh a distinct dark edging, and a high incidence of only one apical pit per dorsal scale on neck region and on paravertebrals for length of snake [DIXON et al. 1993] 
CommentHabitat: partly arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018).

Phylogenetics: C. foveatus appears to be paraphyletic with C. multiventris in the phylogeny in Jadin et al. 2024. 
EtymologyThe name foveatus stems from “fovea” meaning pit or fossa, which refers to the presence of a large apical pit on the paravertebral scales tbroughout the length of the snake. 
References
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  • Bernal, Rodrigo & Alain Dubois 2023. Chironius scurrula, the correct nomen for Chironius scurrulus (Squamata, Serpentes, Colubridae), with a list of the correct spellings of specific epithets currently in use in this genus. Bionomina 34: 035–044 - get paper here
  • Bérnils, R.S.; Batista, M.A. & Bertelli, P.W. 2001. Cobras e lagartos do Vale: levantamento das espécies de Squamata (Reptilia, Lepidosauria) da Bacia do Rio Itajai, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Rev. Est. Ambientais (Blumenau) 3 (1): 69-79
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  • DA SILVA BANCI, KARINA RODRIGUES; MURILO GUIMARÃES, LUCAS HENRIQUE CARVALHO SIQUEIRA, EDELCIO MUSCAT, IVAN SAZIMA & OTAVIO AUGUSTO VUOLO MARQUES. 2022. Body shape and diet reflect arboreality degree of five congeneric snakes sympatric in the Atlantic forest. Biotropica 54(4): 839–851. - get paper here
  • Dixon J R; Wiest J A Jr; Cei J M 1993. Revision of the Neotropical snake genus Chironius Fitzinger (Serpentes, Colubridae). MUSEO REGIONALE DI SCIENZE NATURALI MONOGRAFIE (TURIN) 13 :1-280
  • Dorigo, Thiago Arnt; Carla Costa Siqueira; Jane C. F. Oliveira; Luciana Ardenghi Fusinatto; Manuela Santos-Pereira; Marlon Almeida-Santos; Thiago Maia-Carneiro; Caroline N. C. Reis; Carlos Frederico Duarte Rocha 2021. Amphibians and reptiles from the Parque Nacional da Tijuca, Brazil, one of the world’s largest urban forests Anfíbios e répteis do Parque Nacional da Tijuca, Brasil, uma das maiores florestas urbanas do mundo. Biota Neotropica 21 (2) - get paper here
  • dos Santos, M. M., Klaczko, J., & Prudente, A. L. D. C. 2024. Sexual dimorphism in the Neotropical snakes genus Chironius (Serpentes: Colubridae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, blae020 - get paper here
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  • Jadin, R. C., Jowers, M. J., Blair, C., Ludwig, R. K., Salgado-Irazabal, X., & Murphy, J. C. 2024. Rectifying a century of misidentifications: a taxonomic re-evaluation of sipo snakes (Colubridae: Chironius) on Trinidad. Systematics and Biodiversity 22(1): 2338064 - get paper here
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  • Vrcibradic, D.; C.F.D. Rocha; M.C. Kiefer; F.H. Hatano; A.F. Fontes; M. Almeida-Gomes; C.C. Siqueira; J.A.L. Pontes; V.N.T. Borges-Junior; L.O. Gil; T. Klaion; E.C.N. Rubião; M. Sluys. 2011. Herpetofauna, Estação Ecológica Estadual do Paraíso, state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. Check List 7 (6): 745-749 - get paper here
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