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Chironius flavolineatus BOETTGER, 1885

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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Boettger's Sipo
Portuguese: Acutimboia, Acutioia, Boitipó, Caninana-Marrom-Listrada, Cipó, Cobra-Cipó, Cobra-Espada, Sacaiboia 
SynonymColuber flavolineatus REINWARDT in BOIE 1826 (nomen nudum)
Herpetodryas carinatus var. flavolineata JAN 1863: 80 (nomen nudum)
Herpetodryas flavolineatus BOETTGER 1885: 234
Herpetodryas carinatus var. flavolineata FITZINGER — JAN 1863
Herpetodryas carinatus (not of LINNAEUS) — BOULENGER 1894
Herpetodryas carinatus var. flavolineata — BOETTGER 1898: 55
Chironius flavolineatus — BAILEY 1955: 13
Chironius flavolineatus — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 60
Chironius flavolineatus — LEHR 2002: 204
Chironius flavolineatus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 160
Chironius flavolineatus — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019
Chironius flavolineatus — BERNAL & DUBOIS 2023 
DistributionBrazil (Alagoas, Bahia, NE Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Sao Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Ilha de Marajo, Para, Goias, Minas Gerais, Paraná [HR 27: 216], Amazonas, Amapá, S Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte, Sergipe, Tocantins, Maranhão, Piauí),
NE Paraguay, C Bolivia (Beni), Peru

Type locality: Brazil, no specific locality by original designation (Jan 1863)  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesLectotype: MSNM 2729 (Milano), designated by HAMDAN et al. 2014 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: This is the only species of Chironius with a bright yellow vertebral stripe which is bordered anteriorly by black sides above the first scale row [DIXON et al. 1993: 105].


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CommentSynonymy: Wallach et al. (2014: 162) followed Dixon et al. (1993: 105) in crediting the nomen Chironius flavolineatus to Jan (1863: 80). However, Jan’s name is a nomen nudum, hence Boettger (1885) described this species (PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970, see Bernal & Dubois 2023 for further discussion). However, HAMDAN et al. 2014 insisted that JAN is the correct author.

Distribution: this species has been reported from Peru, but without specific locality (T. Doan, pers. comm. 30 Apr 2012). For more localities see HAMDAN et al. 2014, and map in HAMDAN & FERNANDES 2015 (Fig. 6). See map in Nogueira et al. 2019.

Types: As the Brazilian specimens mentioned by Jan (1863) are lost, and as the species was in fact first characterised by Boettger (1885) on the basis of two specimens from Paraguay, Bernal & Dubois 2023 suggested that one of these two specimens, if still extant, should be designated as neotype for this nominal species, which would also result in a change of type locality.

Habitat: This species is found on in grass steppes (savanna), and in caatinga-agreste- savanna formations. Semi-arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018).

Sympatry: Chironius flavolineatus and C. brazili show some level of sympatry, but C. brazili generally occurs in altitudes from 700–900 m asl, while C. flavolineatus is more commonly found in altitudes from100–400 m asl. Chironius diamantina is apparently restricted to Caatinga biome (Fernandes & Hamdan 2014) and no sympatry with C. flavolineatus or C. brazili was observed [HAMDAN & FERNANDES 2015].

Similar species: Chironius brazili, and C. diamantina 
EtymologyNamed after the yellow line on the back of this species, from Latin flavus = yellow, and linea = line. 
References
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