Coeranoscincus reticulatus (GÜNTHER, 1873)
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Higher Taxa | Scincidae, Sphenomorphinae (Sphenomorphini), Scincoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards) |
Subspecies | |
Common Names | E: Three-toed Snake-tooth Skink |
Synonym | Chelomeles reticulatus GÜNTHER 1873: 146 Lygosoma reticulatum — SMITH 1937: 221 Anomalopus reticulatus — COGGER 1983: 136 Coeranoscincus reticulatus — GREER & COGGER 1985: 45 Coeranoscincus reticulatus — COGGER 2000: 402 Coeranoscincus reticulatus — WILSON & SWAN 2010 Coeranoscincus reticulatus — SKINNER et al. 2013 |
Distribution | Australia (New South Wales, Queensland) Type locality: Clarence River, N. S. W. |
Reproduction | oviparous |
Types | Holotype: BMNH 1946.8.3.1 (formerly 62.10.23.1), Clarence River, NSW, purchased G. Krefft. Cited as 1946.8.3.25 by Cogger et al. (1983). |
Diagnosis | Diagnosis: Differs from all other lygosomines with a digital formula of 3/3 (Eumecia achietae (some), Hemiergis decresiensis, Lerista fragilis, L. haroldi, L. muelleri, L. terdigitata and Saiphos equalis) in having distinct prefrontals and 2 loreals instead of 1 (Saiphos), in having lost the external ear opening (Eumecia and Lerista), or in having a scaly lower eyelid instead of an eyelid with a clear window (Hemiergis). For a comparison with the only other species in the genus, see below and Table 6 (Greer & Cogger 1985: 41) Description. As the last comprehensive description of this species was provided nearly a century ago (Boulenger, 1887) and the species is still somewhat rare in collections today, a redescription based on currently important characters may be useful. In general appearance, a long, attenuate skink with small front and rear tridactyl limbs and a plain brown to dark, cross-banded colour pattern. Snout, bluntly conical; rostral trilobed with moderately deep median lobe projecting between nasals to make contact with frontonasal, and two truncated lateral lobes ending at level of nostril; frontonasal slightly wider than long; prefrontals large but separated; frontal slightly longer than wide, approximately equal to, or slightly shorter than, midline length of frontoparietals and interparietal; supraoculars 3, first 2 in contact with frontal; frontoparietals distinct, each shorter than interparietal; interparietal distinct, with distinct parietal eye spot; parietals meet behind interparietal, each bordered posterolaterally by upper secondary temporal and anterior nuchal, and often a third scale intercalated between the two; nuchals differentiated, 2-4 (mode = 4). Nasals slightly enlarged, separated, with nostril situated well forward and slightly below centre; loreals 2; preoculars 2, lower much the larger; subocular scale row interrupted or narrowed appreciably below centre of eye; presuboculars usually 2, rarely 1; postsuboculars 2; supraciliaries 5-6 (mode = 6), first largest and in contact with frontal, last projects between last supraocular and first pretemporal; lower eyelid scaly; pretemporals two; primary temporal single; secondary temporals 2, upper much the larger and overlapped by lower; external ear opening absent, its former position indicated by a conical depression in a nearly vertical crease; supralabials 6, fourth subocular; postsupralabials usually 2, occasionally 1; mental moderate in size; postmental as large as mental, in contact with first 2 infralabials on either side; enlarged pairs of chin scales 3, first pair in contact, second pair separated by 1 scale row, and third by 3. Body scales smooth, in 23-28 longitudinal rows at midbody; paravertebral scales only slightly wider than more lateral rows, 109-125 in a single row; inner preanals overlap outer, medial pair enlarged; median row of subcaudals slightly wider than immediately adjacent rows. Snout-vent length 67-195 mm; front leg 0.04-0.07 x SVL, with 3 very short, clawed toes of which middle is largest; rear leg with 3 very short, clawed toes of which middle is largest, 0.04-0.09 x SVL; tail pointed, 0.98-1.47 x SVL (Greer & Cogger 1985: 41) Colour. Individuals approximately 70 mm SVL and shorter have very conspicuous dark crossbands which are large and distinct anteriorly but become broken and diffuse posteriorly. Generally, there is a rather broad dark crossband or blotch on the head extending down into the ocular area, a slightly narrower one across the nape, and numerous posterior bands which are still narrower and more variable. Adults never seem to retain the dark head band except as a dark ocular blotch, while the nape and body bands may be either retained throughout life (albeit against a generally darkening ground colour) or lost from back to front, the ultimate in this trend being the total loss of banding. The venter is usually heavily reticulated with dark colour. In life, an adult male (AM R 89281) had the labial area and side of head and neck back to the ear suffused with light-yellow, the chin and throat even paler yellow and the rest of the venter grey (pers. obs.; see also Czechura, 1974) (Greer & Cogger 1985: 43) |
Comment | McDonald 1977 described 5 color forms of this species. Limb morphology: 3 digits, 3 toes (Limbs reduced, Singhal et al. 2018, Brandley et al 2008) |
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