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Comptus stenurus (COPE, 1863)

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Higher TaxaDiploglossidae, Diploglossa, Anguimorpha, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Hispaniolan Keeled Galliwasp, Cope's Galliwasp 
SynonymDiploglossus stenurus COPE 1863 (1862): 188
Celestus stenurus — COPE 1879: 272
Diploglossus stenurus stenurus — SCHWARTZ 1964: 8
Celestus stenurus stenurus — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988
Celestus stenurus — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1991: 378
Comptus stenurus — SCHOOLS & HEDGES 2021 
DistributionTiburon Peninsula in Haiti; Île-à-Vache; intergrades with C. s. weinlandi in Port-au-Prince area.

Type locality: Near Jérémie, Département de la Grand'Anse, Haiti.

INCERTAE SEDIS: Material from Île Grande Cayemite and Jacmel, as well as interior Haiti near Mirebalais, unassigned subspecifically.  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesHolotype: MCZ 3612 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (4433 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentFor illustrations see Boulenger, 1885 (as Diploglossus striatus); Cochran, 1941 (as C.costatus); Grant, 1951 (as C. costatus); Schwartz, 1964 d.

Synonymy: Cochran (1941) synonymized Comptus stenurus with Panolopus costatus, along with numerous other species; however, this taxonomic action was not retained in later works (Schwartz 1970).

Subspecies: previous subspecies have been elevated to full species or synonymized with C. weinlandi.

Similar species: Comptus stenurus and C. weinlandi cannot be distinguished based on morphological characters; however, both of these species are morphologically distinct from their closest relatives (C. arboreus and C. alloeides, respectively). (Schools & Hedges 2024)

Type species: Diploglossus stenurus COPE 1862 (1863): 188 is the type species of the genus Comptus SCHOOLS & HEDGES 2021. Content. Three species: Comptus badius, C. maculatus, and C. stenurus.

Type species: Celestus striatus is the type species of the genus Celestus GRAY 1838: 288 (fide PETERS & DONOSO-BARROS 1970). Content (Cestesus s. str., fide Schools & Hedges 2021): 11 species: Celestus barbouri, C. crusculus, C. duquesneyi, C. fowleri, C. hewardii, C. macrolepis, C. macrotus, C. microblepharis, C. molesworthi, C. occiduus, and C. striatus.

Higher taxa: Celestus is here assigned to Diploglossidae based on the paraphyly within Anguimorpha in Zheng & Wiens 2016. Most other recent authors included the genus in Anguidae: Diploglossinae.

Conservation: While SCHOOLS & HEDGES 2021 considered Celestus striatus to be a valid species, it’s possible that the species has already gone extinct.

Habitat: Comptus and Panolopus have both ground and tree-adapted ecomorphs (Schools et al. 2022).

Reference images: see Uetz et al. 2024 for high-resolution reference images for this species. 
EtymologyNamed after Greek stenos = narrow, and possibly Greek oura = tail, for the relatively thin tail, Latinized to stenurus. 
References
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2, Second edition. London, xiii+497 pp. - get paper here
  • Cochran, D.M. 1941. The herpetology of Hispaniola. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 177: vii + 398 pp. - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1863. Contributions to Neotropical saurology. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 14 [1862]: 176-188. - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1868. An examination of the Reptilia and Batrachia obtained by the Orton Expedition to Equador and the Upper Amazon, with notes on other species. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 20: 96-140 - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1879. Eleventh contribution to the herpetology of tropical America. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 18: 261-277. - get paper here
  • Duméril, A. M. C. and G. Bibron. 1839. Erpétologie Générale on Histoire Naturelle Complète des Reptiles. Vol. 5. Roret/Fain et Thunot, Paris, 871 pp. - get paper here
  • Fischer, J.G. 1888. Über eine Kollektion Reptilien und Amphibien von Hayti. Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst. 5: 23-45. - get paper here
  • Grant, C. 1951. The specific characters of the Celesti, with description of a new species of Celestus (Sauria: Anguidae). Copeia 1951 (1): 67-69. - get paper here
  • Greer, A.E. 1967. Notes on the mode of reproduction in anguid lizards. Herpetologica 23 (2): 94-99 - get paper here
  • Hedges SB, Powell R, Henderson RW, Hanson S, and Murphy JC 2019. Definition of the Caribbean Islands biogeographic region, with checklist and recommendations for standardized common names of amphibians and reptiles. Caribbean Herpetology 67: 1–53
  • SCHOOLS, M., & HEDGES, S. B. 2024. A new forest lizard fauna from Caribbean islands (Squamata, Diploglossidae, Celestinae). Zootaxa, 5554(1): 1-306 - get paper here
  • Schools, M., Kasprowicz, A., & Hedges, S. B. 2022. Phylogenomic data resolve the historical biogeography and ecomorphs of Neotropical forest lizards (Squamata, Diploglossidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 107577 - get paper here
  • SCHOOLS, MOLLY & S. BLAIR HEDGES 2021. Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the Neotropical forest lizards (Squamata, Diploglossidae). Zootaxa 4974 (2): 201–257 - get paper here
  • Schwartz, A. & Henderson, R.W. 1991. Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 720 pp.
  • Schwartz,A. 1964. Diploglossus costatus Cope (Sauria: Anguidae) and its relatives in Hispaniola. Reading Public Museum and Art Gallery Sci. Publ. 13: 1-57
  • Thomas, R. and S. B. Hedges. 1989. A new Celestus (Sauria: Anguidae) from the Chaine de Ia Selle of Haiti. Copeia 1989 (4): 886-891 - get paper here
  • Uetz, P.H.; Patel, M.; Gbadamosi, Z.; Nguyen, A.; Shoope, S. 2024. A Reference Database of Reptile Images. Taxonomy 4: 723–732 - get paper here
  • Zheng, Yuchi; John J. Wiens 2016. Combining phylogenomic and supermatrix approaches, and a time-calibrated phylogeny for squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes) based on 52 genes and 4162 species. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 94: 537–547, doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.009 - get paper here
 
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