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Coniophanes andresensis BAILEY, 1937

IUCN Red List - Coniophanes andresensis - Critically Endangered, CR
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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: San Andres Snake 
SynonymConiophanes fissidens andresensis BAILEY 1937: 4
Coniophanes brevifrons BAILEY 1937: 3
Coniophanes brevifrons — BAILEY 1939: 23
Coniophanes fissidens andresensis — BAILEY 1939: 23
Coniophanes fissidens andresensis — DUNN 1944: 495
Coniophanes fissidens andresensis — MYERS 1966
Coniophanes andressensis — PEREZ-SANTOS & MORENO 1988: 126
Coniophanes andresensis — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1991: 596
Coniophanes andresensis — SAVAGE 2002: 593
Coniophanes andresensis — MCNISH 2011 
DistributionColombia (Isla San Andres, Lesser Antilles)

Type locality: St Andrews Island [fide MCZ type catalogue]  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: MCZ R-31867
Holotype: ANSP 3349, adult male [brevifrons] 
DiagnosisUnfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 714 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentSynonymy: listed as synonym of Coniophanes fissidens by WALLACH et al. 2014: 174.

Distribution: Isla San Andres has also been claimed by Nicaragua but is a part of Colombia as decided by the International Court of Justice in 2012. Thus, older records may mention Nicaragua. Not in Colombia fide Bernal (2025). 
EtymologyNamed after the type locality. 
References
  • Bailey, J. R. 1937. New forms of Coniophanes Hallowell, and the status of Dromicus clavatus. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan 362: 1-6 - get paper here
  • Bailey, J. R. 1939. A systematic study of the snakes of the genus Coniophanes. Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. Arts Lett. 24 [1938]: 1-48. - get paper here
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Bernal, R. 2025. Serpientes de Colombia-Guía de Campo. Serie de Guías Tropicales de Campo. 19: 396 pp. Conservación Internacional Colombia, Bogotá - get paper here
  • Caicedo-PoRtilla, José Rances 2014. Rediscovery of Mabuya berengerae, Mabuya pergravis (Squamata: Scincidae) and Coniophanes andresensis (Squamata: Colubridae), and assesment of its threatened status in the San Andrés and Providencia Islands, Colombia [in Spanish]. Caldasia 36 (1): 181-201
  • Carvajal-Cogollo, J.E.; L.E. Rojas-Murcia. & G. Cárdenas-Arévalo 2020. Reptiles del Caribe colombiano/ Reptiles of the Colombian Caribbean. Tunja: Editorial UPTC, 268 pp. - get paper here
  • Hedges SB, Powell R, Henderson RW, Hanson S, and Murphy JC 2019. Definition of the Caribbean Islands biogeographic region, with checklist and recommendations for standardized common names of amphibians and reptiles. Caribbean Herpetology 67: 1–53
  • McNish, T. 2011. La fauna del archipiélago de San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina, Colombia, Sudamérica. Colomba Andina de Impresos, ISBN 978-958-99518-1-1
  • Myers, C. W. 1966. A new species of colubrid snake, genus Coniophanes, from Darién, Panama. Copeia 1966 (4): 665-668 - get paper here
  • Pérez-Santos,C. & Moreno, A.G. 1988. Ofidios de Colombia. Museo reegionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, Monographie VI, 517 pp.
  • Schwartz, A. & Henderson, R.W. 1991. Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 720 pp.
  • Valdivieso, D. & J.R. Tamsitt 1963. A Check List and Key to the Amphibian and Reptiles of Providencia and San Andres. Carib. J. Sci. 3 (2/3): 77-79 - get paper here
  • Zug, G. R., S. B. Hedges, and S. Sunkel. 1979. Variation in reproductive parameters of three neotropical snakes, Coniophanes fissidens, Dipsas catesbyi, and Imantodes cenchoa. Smithsonian Contr. Zool. 300:1-20 - get paper here
 
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