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Coniophanes imperialis (BAIRD & GIRARD, 1859)

IUCN Red List - Coniophanes imperialis - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesConiophanes imperialis imperialis (BAIRD 1859)
Coniophanes imperialis clavatus (PETERS 1864)
Coniophanes imperialis copei HARTWEG & OLIVER 1938 
Common NamesE: Black-striped Snake
E: Tamaulipan Black-striped Snake [imperialis]
S: Culebra de Raya negra 
SynonymTaeniophis imperialis (BAIRD 1859: 23)
Taeniophis imperialis BAIRD & GIRARD 1859: 23
Tachymenis imperialis — GARMAN 1884: 61
Coniophanes imperialis — SHANNON & SMITH 1949
Coniophanes imperialis — MCCOY 1969
Coniophanes imperialis — VILLA et al. 1988
Coniophanes imperialis imperialis — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 216
Coniophanes imperialis — LINER 1994
Coniophanes imperialis — FLORES-VILLELA & SMITH 2009
Coniophanes imperialis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 177

Coniophanes imperialis imperialis (BAIRD, 1859)
Taeniophis imperialis BAIRD & GIRARD 1859: 23
Glaphyrophis lateralis JAN 1863: 304
Coniophanes imperialis imperialis — COPE 1900: 1098
Coniophanes imperialis imperialis — BAILEY 1937: 6
Coniophanes imperialis imperialis — BAILEY 1939: 34
Coniophanes imperialis imperialis — TAYLOR 1949: 209
Coniophanes imperialis imperialis — CONANT 1955
Coniophanes imperialis imperialis — CROTHER 2000: 59
Coniophanes imperialis imperialis — TENNANT & BARTLETT 2000: 462
Coniophanes imperialis — CROTHER et al. 2012
Coniophanes imperialis imperialis — COPE 1900: 1090 (1898)

Coniophanes imperialis clavatus (PETERS 1864)
Dromicus (Dromicus) clavatus PETERS 1864: 388
Coniophanes imperialis clavatus — BAILEY 1937: 6
Coniophanes imperialis clavatus — BAILEY 1939: 35
Coniophanes imperialis clavatus — MCCOY 1969
Coniophanes imperialis clavatus — BAUER et al. 1995: 71

Coniophanes imperialis copei HARTWEG & OLIVER 1938
Coniophanes imperialis copei HARTWEG & OLIVER 1938
Coniophanes imperialis copei — BAILEY 1939: 42
Coniophanes imperialis copei — SMITH & TAYLOR 1945: 41
Coniophanes imperialis copei — KLUGE 1984: 51 
DistributionUSA (S Texas),
Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz, Yucatan, Campeche, Quintana Roo, Hidalgo, San Luis Potosí, Puebla [HR 30: 235], México, Nuevo León, Guerrero, Quéretaro),
Belize, Guatemala, N Honduras (Islas de la Bahia and Utila)

clavatus: Mexico (Veracruz); Type locality: “Mexico”; restricted to “Potrero Viejo” [Veracruz] by SMITH & TAYLOR 1950.

copei: Mexico (Oaxaca); Type locality: “between Quiengola Mountain and Tehuantepec, Oaxaca”

imperialis: USA (S Texas); Type locality: Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: USNM 2060
Holotype: ZMB 5106 [clavatus]
Holotype: UMMZ 82666 [copei] 
DiagnosisDIAGNOSIS (clavatus). “A Coniophanes with 19 dorsal scale rows (very rarely 21) ; ventrals 117-134; caudals 70-88 ; ventral minus caudals, male less than 50, female less than 61 (except in Campeche). A well-defined light temporal stripe present. A mid-dorsal stripe may be continuous, broken into spots, or missing, but not more than 1 scale wide. The dark lateral stripes are not distinctly bicolored (lighter below than above) except anteriorly. Hemipenis as defined above.” (Bailey 1937)


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CommentOriginal description given by TAYLOR 1949 as “Girard, The U. S. Naval Astronomical Expedition to the Southern Hemisphere during the years 1849-'50-'51-'52, Reptiles, Senate Doc, no. 121, 1855: 216”. 
EtymologyThe specific name is derived from the Latin word imperialis, meaning "of the empire," in reference to its regal appearance. 
References
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