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Coniophanes andresensis BAILEY, 1937

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: San Andres Snake 
SynonymConiophanes fissidens andresensis BAILEY 1937: 4
Coniophanes brevifrons BAILEY 1937: 3
Coniophanes brevifrons — BAILEY 1939: 23
Coniophanes fissidens andresensis — BAILEY 1939: 23
Coniophanes fissidens andresensis — DUNN 1944: 495
Coniophanes fissidens andresensis — MYERS 1966
Coniophanes andressensis — PEREZ-SANTOS & MORENO 1988: 126
Coniophanes andresensis — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1991: 596
Coniophanes andresensis — SAVAGE 2002: 593
Coniophanes andresensis — MCNISH 2011 
DistributionColombia (Isla San Andres, Lesser Antilles)

Type locality: St Andrews Island [fide MCZ type catalogue]  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: MCZ R-31867
Holotype: ANSP 3349, adult male [brevifrons] 
DiagnosisDESCRIPTION: Maximum SVL 550 mm; midbody dorsal scale rows 19; ventrals 140-144 in males, 143-149 in females; subcaudals 94-105 in males, 86-104 in females; supralabials 8; usually 1 preocular. Top of head uniform brown; a light line of dots or dashes on head posterior to dorsal edge of eye; body grayish brown with dark median and lateral stripes; yellow line along top of supralabials and extending short distance beyond corner of mouth; labials washed with brown; venter with double row of brown spots near outer edges of ventrals (Schwartz & Henderson 1991: 598).

ORIGINAL DIAGNOSIS. “A Coniophanes resembling fissidens, but having
144 ventrals. Dorsals scale rows, 19-17-15, upper labials, 8.” (Bailey 1937) 
CommentSynonymy: listed as synonym of Coniophanes fissidens by WALLACH et al. 2014: 174.

Distribution: Isla San Andres has also been claimed by Nicaragua but is a part of Colombia as decided by the International Court of Justice in 2012. Thus, older records may mention Nicaragua. 
EtymologyNamed after the type locality. 
References
  • Bailey, J. R. 1937. New forms of Coniophanes Hallowell, and the status of Dromicus clavatus. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan 362: 1-6 - get paper here
  • Bailey, J. R. 1939. A systematic study of the snakes of the genus Coniophanes. Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. Arts Lett. 24 [1938]: 1-48. - get paper here
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Caicedo-PoRtilla, José Rances 2014. Rediscovery of Mabuya berengerae, Mabuya pergravis (Squamata: Scincidae) and Coniophanes andresensis (Squamata: Colubridae), and assesment of its threatened status in the San Andrés and Providencia Islands, Colombia [in Spanish]. Caldasia 36 (1): 181-201
  • Carvajal-Cogollo, J.E.; L.E. Rojas-Murcia. & G. Cárdenas-Arévalo 2020. Reptiles del Caribe colombiano/ Reptiles of the Colombian Caribbean. Tunja: Editorial UPTC, 268 pp. - get paper here
  • Hedges SB, Powell R, Henderson RW, Hanson S, and Murphy JC 2019. Definition of the Caribbean Islands biogeographic region, with checklist and recommendations for standardized common names of amphibians and reptiles. Caribbean Herpetology 67: 1–53
  • McNish, T. 2011. La fauna del archipiélago de San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina, Colombia, Sudamérica. Colomba Andina de Impresos, ISBN 978-958-99518-1-1
  • Myers, C. W. 1966. A new species of colubrid snake, genus Coniophanes, from Darién, Panama. Copeia 1966 (4): 665-668 - get paper here
  • Pérez-Santos,C. & Moreno, A.G. 1988. Ofidios de Colombia. Museo reegionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, Monographie VI, 517 pp.
  • Schwartz, A. & Henderson, R.W. 1991. Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 720 pp.
  • Valdivieso, D. & J.R. Tamsitt 1963. A Check List and Key to the Amphibian and Reptiles of Providencia and San Andres. Carib. J. Sci. 3 (2/3): 77-79 - get paper here
  • Zug, G. R., S. B. Hedges, and S. Sunkel. 1979. Variation in reproductive parameters of three neotropical snakes, Coniophanes fissidens, Dipsas catesbyi, and Imantodes cenchoa. Smithsonian Contr. Zool. 300:1-20 - get paper here
 
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