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Conopsis amphisticha (SMITH & LAUFE, 1945)

IUCN Red List - Conopsis amphisticha - Near Threatened, NT

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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Twin-spotted Tolucan Ground Snake
S: Toluqueña de Tierra Mexicama 
SynonymToluca amphisticha SMITH & LAUFE 1945
Toluca amphisticha —SMITH & SMITH 1976
Toluca amphistricha — LINER 1994
Conopsis amphisticha — GOYENECHEA & FLORES-VILLELA 2002
Conopsis amphisticha — WALLACH et al. 2014: 181
Conopsis amphisticha — MATA-SILVA et al. 2015 
DistributionMexico (Oaxaca, Puebla), elevation 1700-3080 m.

Type locality: Xuimygopk, between Ayutla and Cacalotepec, Oaxaca.  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesHolotype: USNM 120950 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: This species is characterized by the following combination of characters: divided internasals and prefrontals; dorsal coloration usually of two series of dots on the anterior third and a tessellated pattern of spots afterwards, or a tessellated pattern of spots along body over brown color. Venter is yellowish with paired black dots along the belly. Conopsis amphisticha shares its characteristic dorsal pattern of spots with Conopsis biserialis, with which it can be confused, but their geographic ranges do not overlap. 
Comment 
EtymologyNamed after Greek amphi- (ἀμφί-), on both sides, double + Greek stichos (στίχος), row, line or file. [“...The pattern consists dorsally of a prominent series of small dark reddish brown spots anteriorly arranged in two longitudinal series, one on either side of the middorsal line...”]. 
References
  • Casas-Andreu, G., F.R. Méndez-De la Cruz and X. Aguilar-Miguel. 2004. Anfibios y Reptiles; pp. 375–390, in A.J.M. García-Mendoza, J. Ordoñez and M. Briones-Salas (ed.). Biodiversidad de Oaxaca. Instituto de Biología, UNAM-Fondo Oaxaqueño para la Conservación de la Naturaleza-World Wildlife Fund, México, D. F.
  • Flores-Villela, O., Mendoza-Quijano F. & González-Porter, G. 1995. Recopilación de claves para la determinación de amphibios y reptiles de México. Publ. Espec. Mus. Zool. (UNAM), no. 10
  • Goyenechea, Irene & Flores-Villela, Oscar 2002. Taxonomic status of the snake genera Conopsis and Toluca (Colubridae). Journal of Herpetology 36 (1): 92-95 - get paper here
  • Goyenechea, IRENE & OSCAR FLORES-VILLELA 2006. Taxonomic summary of Conopsis, Günther, 1858 (Serpentes: Colubridae). Zootaxa 1271: 1–27 - get paper here
  • Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp
  • Liner, E.A. 1994. Scientific and common names for the Amphibians and Reptiles of Mexico in English and Spanish. Herpetological Circular 23: 1-113
  • Mata-Silva, Vicente, Jerry D. Johnson, Larry David Wilson and Elí García-Padilla. 2015. The herpetofauna of Oaxaca, Mexico: composition, physiographic distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (1): 6–62 - get paper here
  • Smith, Hobart M. & Laufe, Leonard E. 1945. Notes on a herpetological collection from Oaxaca. Herpetologica 3 (1): 1-13 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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