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Conopsis nasus (GÜNTHER, 1858)

IUCN Red List - Conopsis nasus - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesConopsis nasus nasus GÜNTHER 1858
Conopsis nasus labialis TANNER 1961 
Common NamesE: Largenose Earth Snake
S: Toluqueña de Nariz Grande 
SynonymConophis nasus GÜNTHER 1858: 6
Oxyrhina (Exorhina) maculata JAN 1862 :54
Oxyrhina maculata anomala DUGÈS 1869:144
Conophis nasus — COPE 1879: 265
Conopsis maculatus COPE 1884:162
Ficimia nasus — GARMAN 1884: 83
Ficimia maculata — GARMAN 1884: 84
Contia nasus BOULENGER 1894: 268–269
Conopsis nasus — COPE 1900: 934
Conopsis [nasus nasus] CUESTA TERRÓN 1930:176
Conopsis nasus heliae CUESTA TERRÓN 1930:175–176
Conopsis nasus labialis TANNER 1961:15 (fide GOYENECHEA & FLORES-VILLELA 2006
Gyalopion atavus LEVITON & BANTA 1961:2
Conopsis nasus — LINER 1994
Conopsis nasus — GOYENECHEA & FLORES-VILLELA 2006
Conopsis nasus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 181

Conopsis nasus labialis TANNER 1961
Conopsis nasus labialis TANNER 1961: 13
Conopsis nasus labialis TANNER 1985: 628 
DistributionMexico (Oaxaca, Chihuahua, Aguascalientes, Distrito Federal, Durango, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Estado de Mexico, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Tlaxcala, Veracruz and Zacatecas), elevation 1515 to 2950 m.

labialis: Mexico (Chihuahua, see also comment)

nasus: Mexico (Durango); Type locality: Milpas, Durango (neotype locality); see comment  
Reproductionovovivparous (Greer 1966) 
TypesHolotype: BMNH 83.4.16.38, possibly lost
Holotype: BYU 16858, adult male. Collected at 6500 feet on July 18, 1960 by Wilmer W. Tanner and W. Gerald Robison. [labialis]
Holotype: CAS 89765 [atavus] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus): The genus Conopsis is comprised of viviparous snake species with burrowing habits. These snakes are relatively small, adults of all species ranging from 100 to 330 mm in snout-vent length SVL; and from 120 to 377 mm in total length TL; body subcylindrical; head short; snout pointed; pupil round; 17 rows of smooth scales at midbody; anal and caudal scales divided; 12 to 14 conic maxillary teeth, with a distinctive groove at least on the last tooth; two internasal scales; a preocular; two postoculars; a rostral ended in a tip; nasal scale pierced by the nostril; frontal scale hexagonal; temporal formula 1+2; 2.5 to 3 upper labials before eye; hemipenes subcylindrical, with reticulate ornamentation, and several large spines at the base. Prefrontals and internasals may be fused or divided; loreals may or may not be present (20% of sample examined); genial shields divided by a scale in 90% of specimens, but may be fused or divided by two scales. Upper labials 7, in 90% of the specimens (they vary from 5 to 7); lower labials 6 in 80% of the specimens (varying from 4 to 7). Ventral scales 120–127; subcaudals 29–39. Coloration and body markings vary considerably, both dorsal and ventral patterns. Dorsal pattern consists of dark spots, blotches or bands on a variable ground color, that goes from light brown, cinnamon, grayish, and olive green tones. Dorsal spots may be constituted from a series of hexagonal to elongated marks, a tessellated pattern, or lines along the body. Some snakes have no dorsal pattern of spots. There is less variation ventrally, generally the belly is yellowish, although it may be reddish or grayish. Ventral spots may be present in a series of central dots, large or small, medial, intercalated or paired, some acuta with black edged ventre.


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CommentType species: Conophis nasus GÜNTHER 1858 is the type species of the genus Conopsis GÜNTHER 1858.

Phylogenetics (Goyenechea & Flores in prep.) suggests that Chionactis and Gyalopion may be the sister groups to Conopsis.

The type locality of Conopsis nasus is “California”.

Diet: invertebrates 
EtymologyThe specific name is derived from the Latin word nasus, meaning "nose."

The genus name Conopsis was derived from the Greek words cono, meaning "cone" and -opsis, meaning "having the appearance of," in reference to the conical shape of the snout. 
References
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