Corallus hortulanus (LINNAEUS, 1758)

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Higher Taxa	Boidae (Boinae), Henophidia, Serpentes (snakes)
Subspecies	Corallus hortulanus hortulanus (LINNAEUS 1758) Corallus hortulanus enydris (LINNAEUS 1758)
Common Names	E: Garden Tree Boa G: Gartenboa
Synonym	Boa hortulana LINNAEUS 1758: 215 Boa Enydris LINNAEUS 1758: 215 Vipera bitis LAURENTI 1768: 102 Vipera madarensis LAURENTI 1768: 102 Coluber madarensis - GMELIN 1788: 1092 Coluber bitis - GMELIN 1788: 1092 Boa Ambleocephala DONNDORFF 1798: 1798: 149 Boa merremi SCHNEIDER 1801: 259 Boa obtusiceps BECHSTEIN 1802: 46 Boa elegans DAUDIN 1803: 123 Corallus obtusirostris DAUDIN 1803: 259 Xiphosoma ornatum WAGLER 1824: 40 Xiphosoma dorsuale WAGLER 1824: 43 Xiphosoma hortulana - FITZINGER 1826: 883 [Xiphosoma] merremii - WAGLER 1830: 167 Boa modesta REUSS 1834: 129 Boa hortulana - SCHLEGEL 1837: 392 Corallus maculatus GRAY 1842: 42 Corallus hortulanus - GRAY 1842: 42 Corallus Cooki GRAY 1842: 42 Xiphosoma hortulanum - DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1844: 545 Corallus hortulanus melanea GRAY 1849: 98 Xiphosoma ruschenbergerii COPE 1875: 129 Xiphosoma hortulanum — GARMAN 1887: 279 Corallus cookii - BOULENGER 1893: 99 Corallus hortulanus - BOULENGER 1893: 101 Boa ruschenbergii - STEJNEGER 1901: 184 (in errore) Boa cooki - IHERING 1911: 317 Boa salmonidia BRICEÑO ROSSI 1934: 1141 Boa enydris enydris - STULL 1935: 388 Corallus enydris - FORCART 1951: 197 Corallus enydris enydris - FORCART 1951 Corallus enhydris enhydris — DUELLMAN 1978: 226 Corallus enydris — GASC & RODRIGUES 1980 Corallus enydris — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1991: 597 Corallus enhydris enhydris - WELCH 1994 Corallus enhydris — STARACE 1998: 97 Corallus hortulanus — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 191 Corralus hortulanus — BAUER & GÜNTHER 2013 (in error)
Distribution	S Colombia (east of the Andes), S Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Sergipe, Ceará, Rio de Janeiro, Espirito Santo, Minas Gerais, DF), Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia; Trinidad, Tobago, Windward Islands. Type locality: "America" [LINNAEUS 1758: 215] Map legend: - Region according to the TDWG standard, not a precise distribution map. NOTE: TDWG regions are generated automatically from the text in the distribution field and this does not always work properly. We are working on it.
Types	Holotype: NRM (NHRM) Lin. 7 [Boa enydris]
Comment	Maximal length 2.5 m. Synonymy: Chippaux, 1986, has suggested that C. enydris is monotypic. STULL (1935) placed Boa grenadensis in synonymy with B. enydris cooki (= Corallus cookii). Corallus grenadensis has been resurrected from the synonymy of C. hortulanus (or C. cooki). Diagnosis.—Corallus hortulanus is distinguishable from other species in the complex by the maximum number of dorsal scale rows (almost always over 50 in hortulanus, always less than 50 in cooki, grenadensis, and ruschenbergerii). Populations of hortulanus with less than 50 dorsal scale rows occur in Guyana, Suriname, Bolivia, and Peru. In general, hortulanus has higher counts for meristic characters than other members of the complex. The shape of the main element in the dorsal pattern at midbody is more or less ellipsoidal, whereas it is a ragged hourglass in cooki and is usually spade-shaped in grenadensis [from HENDERSON 1997]. Distribution: partly after AFB Araujo (pers. comm. 21 Jan 2013). Reproduction: viviparous
References	Bauer, Aaron M. and Rainer Günther 2013. Origin and identity of the von Borcke collection of amphibians and reptiles in the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin: A cache of Seba specimens? Zoosystematics and Evolution 89 (1): 167–185 - get paper here Bauer, Lucas 2004. Taxonomie en nomenclatuur can het genus Corallus Lacerta 62 (5): 206-211 - get paper here Bernarde, Paulo Sérgio;, Reginaldo Assêncio Machado & Luiz Carlos Batista Turci 2011. Herpetofauna da área do Igarapé Esperança na Reserva Extrativista Riozinho da Liberdade, Acre – Brasil. Biota Neotrop. 11 (3): 117-144 - get paper here Blake, Hugh 1997. My life (so far) with Garden Tree Boas (Corallus hortulanus) Reptilian 5 (3): 25-27 Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. London (Taylor & Francis), 448 pp. - get paper here Castro, T.M. & Teixeira, R.L. 2007. Straßenverkehr als Bedrohung für die Amphibien und Reptilien des Atlantischen Regenwalds in Südost-Brasilien. 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Bibron. 1844. Erpetologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complete des Reptiles. Vol.6. Libr. Encyclopédique Roret, Paris, 609 pp. - get paper here Gabirot, Marianne; Pablo Picerno, Jorge Valencia, Pilar Lopez, and José Martin 2012. Species Recognition by Chemical Cues in Neotropical Snakes Copeia 2012 (3): 472-477. - get paper here Garman, S. 1887. On West Indian reptiles in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, Mass. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 24: 278-286. - get paper here Gorzula Stefan & Senaris J. Celsa 1999. In: Contribution to the herpetofauna of the Venezuelan Guayana. I: a data base. Scientia Guaianae, Caracas, No. 8 [1998], 269+ pp.; ISBN 980-6020-48-0 Hamdan, B. & R. M. Lira-da-Silva 2012. The snakes of Bahia State, northeastern Brazil: species richness, composition and biogeographical notes. Salamandra 48 (1): 31-50 - get paper here Henderson R W 1993. Corallus enydris (Linnaeus). 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Armitano Editores C.A., Caracas, 1-381 Lehr, E. 2002. Amphibien und Reptilien in Peru. Natur und Tier-Verlag (Münster), 208 pp. - get paper here Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiæ. 10th Edition: 824 pp. McDiarmid R W. Toure T. Savage J M. 1996. The proper name of the neotropical tree boa often referred to as Corallus enydris (Serpentes: Boidae). Journal of Herpetology 30 (3): 320-326. - get paper here McDiarmid,R.W.; Campbell,J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp. Morato, S.A.A.; A.M.X. Lima; D.C.P. Staut; R.G. Faria; J.P. Souza-Alves; S.F. Gouveia; M.R.C. Scupin 2011. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Refúgio de Vida Silvestre Mata do Junco, municipality of Capela, state of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil. 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External links	http://www.omnh.ou.edu/personnel/herpetology/vitt/Herps.html http://www.boinae.de/c.hortulanus.htm http://www.corallus.com/ Google images Profile of Corallus hortulanus on Reptarium

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