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Craspedocephalus brongersmai (HOGE, 1969)

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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Brongersma's Pit Viper 
SynonymTrimeresurus brongersmai HOGE 1969
Trimeresurus brongersmai — WELCH 1994: 113
Trimeresurus brongersmai — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 330
Trimeresurus brongersmai — GUMPRECHT et al. 2004
Trimeresurus brongersmai — MALHOTRA & THORPE 2004
Trimeresurus (Craspedocephalus) brongersmai — DAVID et al. 2011
Craspedocephalus brongersmai — WALLACH et al. 2014: 187
Craspedocephalus brongersmai — MIRZA et al. 2023 
DistributionIndonesia (Simalur)

Type locality: Procedente de Lugu, Simalur, Sumatra  
Reproduction 
TypesHolotype: RMNH 5654A, adult male. Collected by E. Jacobson, April 1913. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: A species of the genus Trimeresurus, endemic to islands off the west coast of Sumatra Island, characterized by the combination of the following characters: (1) in both sexes, an overall brown coloration, with 25–30 darker crossbands, made of a dark background colour in various shades of dark greyish-brown, with short, irregular, elongated darker dorsolateral blotches, lighter in their centre and darker on their edges, with below a smaller subrectangular or subtriangular dark greyish-brown blotche of same colour; between the blotches, the background colour is heavily spotted with dark dots; a row of large, subrectangular blotches on the ventral tips and 1st–2nd DSR, with cream blotches in between; (2) a distinctly projected and raised snout, strongly obliquely truncated when seen from the side, subrectangular seen from above; (3) internasals projected, strongly spatulate and bilobate, laterally expanded; (4) 19 or 21 MSR, distinctly keeled; (5) 1st supralabial distinct from nasal; (6) 2nd supralabials bordering the whole of the anterior margin of the loreal pit; (7) 4 or 5 narrow supraoculars, strongly erect and divergent; (8) a low number of VEN: 148–149 in males and 129–142 in females; (9) occipital and temporal scales strongly keeled; (10) IL of the first pair not in contact each with the other; and (11) hemipenes short, massive and spiny [from DAVID et al. 2006]. 
CommentVenomous! 
EtymologyNamed after Leo Daniel Brongersma (1907-1994) [obituary in Copeia 1995: 513 and Zool. Med. Leiden 69: 177]. 
References
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • DAVID, PATRICK; GERNOT VOGEL & ALAIN DUBOIS 2011. On the need to follow rigorously the Rules of the Code for the subsequent designation of a nucleospecies (type species) for a nominal genus which lacked one: the case of the nominal genus Trimeresurus Lacépède, 1804 (Reptilia: Squamata: Viperidae). Zootaxa 2992: 1–51 - get paper here
  • David, Patrick; Vogel, Gernot; Vijayakumar, S.P.; Vidal, Nicolas 2006. A revision of the Trimeresurus puniceus – complex (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae) based on morphological and molecular data. Zootaxa 1293: 1-78 - get paper here
  • Gumprecht, A.; Tillack, F.; Orlov, N.L.; Captain, A. & Ryabow, S. 2004. Asian pitvipers. Geitje Books, Berlin, 368 pp.
  • Hoge, A. R. 1969. Um novo Trimeresurus de Simalur, Sumatra (Serpentes: Viperidae). Ciencia e cultura, Sao Paulo, 21(2): 459-460.
  • Hoge, A.R.; De Lemos Romano, S.A. 1974. Notes on Trimeresurus brongersmai HOGE, 1969 (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae). Mem. Inst. Butantan 38: 147-158 - get paper here
  • Malhotra, Anita & Thorpe, Roger S. 2004. A phylogeny of four mitochondrial gene regions suggests a revised taxonomy for Asian pitvipers (Trimeresurus and Ovophis). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 32: 83 –100 [erratum p. 680] - get paper here
  • McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp.
  • TEYNIÉ, ALEXANDRE; PATRICK DAVID, & ANNEMARIE OHLER 2010. Note on a collection of Amphibians and Reptiles from Western Sumatra (Indonesia), with the description of a new species of the genus Bufo. Zootaxa 2416: 1–43 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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