Craspedocephalus borneensis (PETERS, 1872)
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Craspedocephalus borneensis
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| Higher Taxa | Viperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes) |
| Subspecies | |
| Common Names | E: Borneo Pit Viper G: Borneo-Bambusotter |
| Synonym | Atropophis borneensis PETERS 1872 Atropophis borneensis — MÜLLER 1887 Lachesis borneensis — BOULENGER 1896 Trimeresurus borneensis — BARBOUR 1912 Lachesis puniceus (nec Cophias punicea BOIE 1827) — BOULENGER 1986 Trimeresurus puniceus (partim) — SMITH 1930 Trimeresurus borneensis — WELCH 1994: 113 Trimeresurus borneensis — MANTHEY & GROSSMANN 1997: 408 Trimeresurus borneensis — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 330 Trimeresurus borneensis — MALHOTRA & THORPE 2004 Trimeresurus borneensis — DAVID et al. 2006 Trimeresurus (Craspedocephalus) borneensis — DAVID et al. 2011 Craspedocephalus borneensis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 187 Craspedocephalus borneensis — GUO et al. 2018 Craspedocephalus borneensis — MALLIK et al. 2021 Craspedocephalus borneensis — MIRZA et al. 2023 |
| Distribution | Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatra; Borneo, perhaps other islands); Brunei Darussalam; Malaysia (East Malaysia: Borneo) Type locality: “Sarawack” [= Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia, by implication] |
| Reproduction | oviparous |
| Types | Syntypes: ZMB 7146, MSNG 8383 (2 specimens) |
| Diagnosis | Diagnosis: A species of the genus Trimeresurus, endemic to Borneo Island according to the present definition, characterized by the combination of the following characters: (1) an overall grey, brown or ochre pattern with 20–30 darker crossbands, distinctly related to the sex: in males, background colour in various shades of greyish-brown or yellowish- grey, with darker dorsolateral blotches, sometimes horizontally divided into two distinct blotches, separated darker areas and powdered with both cream and dark dots, giving a rather confused pattern; in females, pattern less contrasted, in shades of ochre or yellowhish-brown with more or less brown subrectangular dorsolateral blotches, often with broad darker edges and a wide lighter centre, producing a “saddle-like” pattern; males have a more complex pattern, but are especially much darker than females; (2) a distinctly projected and raised snout, strongly obliquely truncated when seen from the side, subrectangular seen from above; (3) internasals projected, strongly spatulate and bilobate, distinctly upturned; (4) 19 or usually 21 (rarely 20) DSR at midbody; (5) 1st supralabial distinct from nasal; (6) 2nd supralabials bordering the whole of the anterior margin of the loreal pit; (7) 1 to 3 moderate, narrow supraoculars, usually flat, rarely convex; (8) VEN: 149–166, SC: 41–67; (9) occipital and temporal scales distinctly keeled in both sexes in adults, less so in juvenile specimens; (10) IL of the first pair not in contact each with the other; (11) hemipenes short, reaching 11th SC, entirely spinose; and (12) adult females usually light colored [from DAVID et al. 2006]. |
| Comment | Venomous! "There has been considerable confusion in the literature between Trimeresurus puniceus and the present species [...] We agree with Hoge & Romano (1974) and Toriba (1992) about the validity of this species, which was long considered a synonym of T. puniceus. The morphological differences between the two species are significant and constant enough to warrrant specific distinction (David & Vogel, in prep.)." (David & Vogel, 1996) Habitat: partly arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018). |
| Etymology | Named after its distribution on Borneo (Indonesia). |
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