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Crotalus stejnegeri DUNN, 1919

IUCN Red List - Crotalus stejnegeri - Vulnerable, VU
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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Sinaloan Long-tailed Rattlesnake
S: Cascabel Cola-larga de Sinaloa 
SynonymCrotalus stejnegeri DUNN 1919
Crotalus stejnegeri — KLAUBER 1952: 107
Crotalus stejnegeri — LINER 1994
Crotalus stejnegeri — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 295
Cummingea stejnegeri — HOSER 2009
Crotalus stejnegeri — WILSON et al. 2013
Crotalus stejnegeri — REYES-VELASCO et al. 2013
Crotalus stejnegeri — WALLACH et al. 2014: 194 
DistributionMexico (Sierra Madre Occidental in W Durango [ca. 6 mi N Yamoriba, 24° 12.5’ N, 105° 47’ W] and S Sinaloa), elevation 2500-3000 ft

Type locality: ‘‘Plumosas’’ [Plomosas], Sinaloa, Mexico”, elevation 2500-3000 ft.  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesHolotype: USNM 4646, USNM 46586 (erroneoulsy listed as USNM 46486 in original description) 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: “A small Crotalus with a long slender tail, a very small rattle and with the first pair of lower labials long and produced backwards broadly in contact behind the symphisial.” (Dunn 1919: 214). 
CommentVenomous!

Distribution: Robert Meidinger (pers. comm., 31 July 2011) believes that the record from Yamoriba, Durango, is almost impossible and thus erroneous.

Nomenclature: Hoser’s 2009 classification and nomenclature has been rejected as unnecessary and unavailable by WÜSTER & BERNILS 2011. 
EtymologyNamed after Leonhard Hess Stejneger (1851-1943), Norwegian-born herpetologist who moved to the US in 1881 and became curator of reptiles at the Smithsonian Institution in 1889. 
References
  • Bastidas, H. A. C. 2024. Potential Distribution of the Long-Tailed Rattlesnake Crotalus stejnegeri Dunn 1919 (Squamata: Viperidae): A Rare and Under-Sampled Species. Preprints 2024, 2024020630 - get paper here
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Campbell, J.A. & Lamar, W.W. 1989. The Venomous Reptiles of Latin America. Comstock Publishing/Cornell University Press, Ithaca
  • Campbell, Jonathan A. and Oscar Flores-Villela 2008. A New Long-Tailed Rattlesnake (Viperidae) From Guerrero, Mexico. Herpetologica 64 (2): 246-257 - get paper here
  • Collins J T 1982. Crotalus stejnegeri. Longtail rattlesnake. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles ( 303: 1-2 - get paper here
  • Dunn,E.R. 1919. Two new crotaline snakes from western Mexico. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 32: 213-216 - get paper here
  • Hardy, L.M., & McDiarmid, R.W. 1969. The amphibians and reptiles of Sinaloa, Mexico. Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. 18 (3): 39-252. - get paper here
  • Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp
  • Hoser, R. 2009. A reclassification of the rattlesnakes; species formerly exclusively referred to the genera Crotalus and Sistrurus. Australasian J. Herpetol. 3: 1-21 - get paper here
  • Jadin, Robert C.; Jacobo Reyes Velasco and Eric N. Smith 2010. Hemipenes of the long-tailed rattlesnakes (Serpentes: Viperidae) from Mexico. Phyllomedusa 9 (1): 69-74 - get paper here
  • Klauber, Laurence M. 1952. Taxonomic studies on rattlesnakes of Mainland Mexico. Bulletins of the Zoological Society of San Diego (26): 1-143 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR 2020. A checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Sinaloa, Mexico with a conservation status summary and comparisons with neighboring states. ZooKeys 931: 85-114 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Gadsden-Esparza H, Valdez-Lares R, Woolrich-Piña GA 2018. Amphibians and reptiles of the state of Durango, Mexico, with comparisons with adjoining states. ZooKeys 748: 65-87 - get paper here
  • MAURO AGUIRRE-ZAZUETA; ISABEL RAMÍREZ-OCHOA, JESÚS A. LOC-BARRAGÁN, & GUILLERMO A. WOOLRICH-PIÑA 2022. Natural history observations of the rare Long-tailed Rattlesnake (Crotalus stejnegeri) in Sinaloa, México. Sonoran Herpetologist 35(1): 15–16. - get paper here
  • McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp.
  • Meik, Jesse M and André Pires-daSilva 2009. Evolutionary morphology of the rattlesnake style. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009, 9:35 - get paper here
  • OLIVEIRA-DALLAND, LUIS G.; LAURA R.V. ALENCAR, LEANDRO R. TAMBOSI, PAOLA A. CARRASCO, RHETT M. RAUTSAW, JESUS SIGALA-RODRIGUEZ, GUSTAVO SCROCCHI & MARCIO MARTINS. 2022. Conservation gaps for Neotropical vipers: Mismatches between protected areas, species richness and evolutionary distinctiveness. Biological Conservation 275(109750). - get paper here
  • Reyes-Velasco, Jacobo; Jesse M. Meik, Eric N. Smith, Todd A. Castoe 2013. Phylogenetic relationships of the enigmatic longtailed rattlesnakes (Crotalus ericsmithi, C. lannomi, and C. stejnegeri). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 69 (3): 524–534 - get paper here
  • Stille, B. 1987. Dorsal scale microdermatoglyphics and rattlesnake (Crotalus and Sistrurus) phylogeny (Reptilia: Viperidae: Crotalinae). Herpetologica 43: 98-104 - get paper here
  • Tanner, W.W. 1966. A new rattlesnake from western Mexico. Herpetologica 22 (4): 298-302 - get paper here
  • Valdez-Lares, R.; R. Muñiz-Martínez; E.Gadsden; G. Aguirre-León; G. Castañeda-Gaytán; R. Gonzalez-Trápaga 2013. Checklist of amphibians and reptiles of the state of Durango, México. Check List 9 (4):714-724 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Webb, R.G. 1984. Herpetogeography in the Mazatlán-Durango Region of the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico. Vetrebrate Ecology and Systematics - A ribute to Henry S. Fitch; Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence, pp. 217-241
  • Wilson, Larry David; Vicente Mata-Silva, Jerry D. Johnson 2013. A conservation reassessment of the reptiles of Mexico based on the EVS measure. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 7 (1): 1–47 - get paper here
  • Wüster, W. & Bérnils, R.S. 2011. On the generic classification of the rattlesnakes, with special reference to the Neotropical Crotalus durissus complex (Squamata: Viperidae). ZOOLOGIA 28 (4): 417–419 - get paper here
 
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