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Crotalus enyo COPE, 1861

IUCN Red List - Crotalus enyo - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesCrotalus enyo cerralvensis CLIFF 1954
Crotalus enyo furvus LOWE & NORRIS 1954
Crotalus enyo enyo (COPE 1861) 
Common NamesE: Lower California Rattlesnake (furvus: Rosario Rattlesnake; cerralvensis: Cerralvo Rattlesnake; enyo: Baja California Rattlesnake)
G: Baja-Klapperschlange
S: Cascabel de Baja California 
SynonymCrotalus enyo enyo (COPE 1861)
Caudisona enyo COPE 1861
Crotalus enyo enyo LOWE & NORRIS 1954
Crotalus enyo — STEBBINS 1985: 246
Crotalus enyo — LINER 1994
Crotalus enyo cerralvensis CLIFF 1954 (fide GRISMER 1999)
Crotalus enyo — WELCH 1994: 45
Crotalus enyo — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 283
Caudisona (Pillotus) enyo — HOSER 2009
Crotalus enyo — WALLACH et al. 2014: 190

Crotalus enyo cerralvensis CLIFF 1954: 82
Crotalus enyo cerralvensis — BEAMAN & HAYES 2008

Crotalus enyo furvus LOWE & NORRIS 1954
Crotalus enyo furvus — BEAMAN & HAYES 2008

Crotalus enyo enyo (COPE 1861)
Caudisona enyo COPE 1861
Crotalus enyo enyo — BEAMAN & HAYES 2008 
DistributionMexico (Baja California)

cerralvensis: Cerralvo Island (Gulf of California); Type locality: Type locality: "Isla Cerralvo in Gulf of California" [Cerralvo Island, Gulf of California, Mexico].

furvus: Baja California (west coast, from San Telmo River to El Rosariao); Type locality: "10.9 miles (by road) north of EI Rosario, along the main road on the coastwise terrace near the foot of a bold Cretaceous escarpment, Baja California Norte, Mexico."

enyo: Mexico (Baja California); Type locality: “Lower California."  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesLectotype: ANSP 7159 (wet skin), designated by Beaman and Grismer (1994), paralectotype: USNM 5291. See also discussion in MCDIARMID et al. 1999.
Holotype: CAS-SUR 14021 [cerralvensis]
Holotype: MVZ 55388 [furvus] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (furvus). A distinctive subspecies distinguished from the pallid C. e. enyo by a very dark brown ground color and darker blotches and spotting; proximal rattle segment black; 10-12 (11.0) posterior body crossbands; the lacunal(s) wholly or partly separated, by 1-3 subfoveals, from the supralabial row; 3 scales (average) in minimum count between orbit and supralabials (Lowe & Norris 1954).


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CommentVenomous! GRISMER (1999) synonymized Crotalus enyo cerralvensis with Crotalus enyo.

Nomenclature: Hoser’s 2009 classification and nomenclature has been rejected as unnecessary and unavailable by WÜSTER & BERNILS 2011. 
EtymologyNamed after Greek Enyo (Ἐνυώ), godess of war. [?].

C. e. cerralvensis was named after the type locality, Isla Cerralvo in the Gulf of California.

C. e. furvus was named after Latin furvus, dark-colored, black. ["...The name (Latin furvus, dark) refers to the dark or dusky coloration of this race…"]. 
References
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  • Akeret, Beat 2015. Sukkulenten als Terrarienpflanzen. Draco 16 (62): 28-38
  • Beaman K R; Grismer L L 1994. Crotalus enyo (Cope), Baja California rattlesnake. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 589: 1-6 - get paper here
  • Beaman, K.R. & Hayes, W.K. 2008. Rattlesnakes: Research Trends and Annotated Checklist. In: Hayes et al. (eds), The biology of rattlesnakes. Loma Linda University Press, pp. 5-16
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  • Cope, E.D. 1861. Contributions to the ophiology of Lower California, Mexico and Central America. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 13: 292-306 - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1900. The crocodilians, lizards and snakes of North America. Ann. Rep. U.S. Natl. Mus. 1898: 153-1270 - get paper here
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