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Crotalus simus LATREILLE, 1801

IUCN Red List - Crotalus simus - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Middle American Rattlesnake
S: Cascabel de Ahua-can 
SynonymCrotalus simus LATREILLE In SONNINI & LATREILLE 1801
Crotalus durissus LINNAEUS 1758 (part.)
Crotalus durissus durissus KLAUBER 1952
Crotalus durissus — CAMPBELL 1998
Crotalus durissus durissus — CAMPBELL & LAMAR 2004
Crotalus simus simus — CAMPBELL & LAMAR 2004
Crotalus simus — PORRAS & SOLORZANO 2006
Crotalus simus — QUIJADA-MASCAREÑAS & WÜSTER 2006
Caudisona simus — HOSER 2009
Crotalus simus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 194
Crotalus simus — SUNYER & MARTÍNEZ-FONSECA 2023 
DistributionS Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz, vielleicht auch Tabasco u. Campeche), Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Nicaragua

Type locality: "Ceylan." (in error)  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesType: unlocated; given as "Museum national." Not in MNHN, according to Thireau 1991: 4. 
Diagnosis 
CommentType locality: Campbell & Lamar speculate that the holotype of C. durissus is from Suriname not Mexico, and thus the restriction of the type locality to Veracruz, Mexico by Smith (1950?) may be invalid.

Nomenclature: Hoser’s 2009 classification and nomenclature has been rejected as unnecessary and unavailable by WÜSTER & BERNILS 2011.

Species group: Crotalus durissus complex, which includes durissus, simus, culminatus, and tzabcan. 
References
  • Aguilar-López JL, Luría-Manzano R, Pineda E, Canseco-Márquez L 2021. Selva Zoque, Mexico: an important Mesoamerican tropical region for reptile species diversity and conservation. ZooKeys 1054: 127-153 - get paper here
  • Arenas, Carlos Yañez; A. Townsend Peterson, Pierre Mokondoko, Octavio Rojas-Soto, Enrique Martínez-Meyer 2014. The Use of Ecological Niche Modeling to Infer Potential Risk Areas of Snakebite in the Mexican State of Veracruz. PLoS One 9 (6): e100957. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100957 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1896. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum, Vol. 3. London (Taylor & Francis), xiv + 727 pp. - get paper here
  • Campbell, J.A. 1998. Amphibians and reptiles of northern Guatemala, the Yucatán, and Belize. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, xiii + 380 pp. - get paper here
  • Campbell, Jonathan A. and William W. Lamar 2004. The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere, 2 vols. Comstock (Cornell University Press), Ithaca, NY, 962 pp. [review in Science 305: 182]
  • CARBAJAL-MÁRQUEZ, RUBÉN ALONSO; JOSÉ ROGELIO CEDEÑO-VÁZQUEZ, ARELY MARTÍNEZ-ARCE, EDGAR NERI-CASTRO, SALIMA C. MACHKOUR- M’RABET 2020. Accessing cryptic diversity in Neotropical rattlesnakes (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalus) with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 4729 (4): 451–481 - get paper here
  • Colston, Timothy J.; José António L. Barão-Nóbrega, Ryan Manders, Alice Lett, Jamie Wilmott, Gavin Cameron, Sidony Hunter, Adam Radage, Etienne Littlefair, Robert J. Williams, Antonio Lopez Cen, Kathy Slater 2015. Amphibians and reptiles of the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve, México, with new records. Check List 11 (5): 1759 - get paper here
  • García-Padilla, Elí and Vicente Mata-Silva 2014. Noteworthy distributional records for the herpetofauna of Chiapas, Mexico. Mesoamerican Herpetology 1 (2): 293 - get paper here
  • Guerra Centeno, Dennis; Héctor Fuentes Rousselin & David Morán Villatoro 2012. Serpientes de Guatemala: Guía para didentificación de especies. Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, 186 pp.
  • Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp
  • Hoser, R. 2009. A reclassification of the rattlesnakes; species formerly exclusively referred to the genera Crotalus and Sistrurus. Australasian J. Herpetol. 3: 1-21 - get paper here
  • Johnson, Jerry D.; Vicente Mata-Silva, Elí García Padilla, and Larry David Wilson 2015. The Herpetofauna of Chiapas, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (3): 272–329. - get paper here
  • Klauber, Laurence M. 1952. Taxonomic studies on rattlesnakes of Mainland Mexico. Bulletins of the Zoological Society of San Diego (26): 1-143 - get paper here
  • Lillywhite, H.B. 2022. Discovering snakes in wild places. ECO Publishing, Rodeo, NM, 164 pp. - get paper here
  • Linnaeus, C. [= Linné, C. von] 1758. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiæ. 10th Edition: 824 pp. - get paper here
  • Mata-Silva, V., E. García-Padilla, D. L. DeSantis, A. Rocha, L. D. Wilson, P. R. Simón-Salvador, C. Mayoral-Halla, B. F. Montiel-Altamirano, and A. Ramírez-Bautista. 2017. New herpetofaunal distribution records for the state of Oaxaca, Mexico. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(3): 679–683 - get paper here
  • Mata-Silva, Vicente, Jerry D. Johnson, Larry David Wilson and Elí García-Padilla. 2015. The herpetofauna of Oaxaca, Mexico: composition, physiographic distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (1): 6–62 - get paper here
  • McCranie J R 2011. The snakes of Honduras. SSAR, Salt Lake City, 725 pp.
  • McCranie, James R. 2015. A checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Honduras, with additions, comments on taxonomy, some recent taxonomic decisions, and areas of further studies needed. Zootaxa 3931 (3): 352–386 - get paper here
  • Meik, Jesse M and André Pires-daSilva 2009. Evolutionary morphology of the rattlesnake style. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009, 9:35 - get paper here
  • Percino-Daniel, Ruth; Erika Cruz-Ocaña, Wilber Pozo-Ventura y Ernesto Velázquez-Velázquez 2013. Diversidad de reptiles en dos microcuencas del río Grijalva, Chiapas, México. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 84: 938-948 - get paper here
  • Porras, L.W. 2006. Costa Rican snakes of the tropical dry forest. Reptilia (GB) (48): 18-23 - get paper here
  • Porras, L.W. & Solórzano, A. 2006. Costa Rica’s venomous snakes. Reptilia (GB) (48): 11-17 - get paper here
  • Quijada-Mascareñas & Wüster, W. 2006. Crotalus durissus complex: from Yucatan to Patagonia: the natural history of the Neotropical rattlesnake. Reptilia (GB) (49): 66-73 - get paper here
  • Solís, J. M., L. D. Wilson, and J. H. Townsend. 2014. An updated list of the amphibians and reptiles of Honduras, with comments on their nomenclature. Mesoamerican Herpetology 1: 123–144 - get paper here
  • Sonnini de Manoncourt, C.S. and Latreille, P.A. 1801. Histoire Naturelle des Reptiles, avec Figures Dessinees d'Apres Nature. 3. Paris, Librairie encyclopédique de Roret, 332 pp. - get paper here
  • Sunyer, Javier 2014. An updated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Nicaragua. Mesoamerican Herpetology 1 (2): 186–202. - get paper here
  • Sunyer, Javier & José́ Gabriel Martínez-Fonseca 2023. An updated country checklist to the amphibians and reptiles of Nicaragua. REVISTA NICARAGÜENSE DE BIODIVERSIDAD (100): 1-25 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Wirth, Michael 2011. Lohnende Reiseziele für Amphibien- und Reptilienfreunde in Costa Rica. Draco 12 (45): 22-39 - get paper here
  • Wüster, W. & Bérnils, R.S. 2011. On the generic classification of the rattlesnakes, with special reference to the Neotropical Crotalus durissus complex (Squamata: Viperidae). ZOOLOGIA 28 (4): 417–419 - get paper here
 
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