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Crotaphopeltis degeni (BOULENGER, 1906)

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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Degen’s Herald Snake, Yellow-flanked snake 
SynonymLeptodira degeni BOULENGER 1906: 572
Crotaphopeltis degeni — BARBOUR & AMARAL 1927: 26
Crotaphopeltis degeni — ANGENSTEIN 1996
Crotaphopeltis degeni — RASMUSSEN 1997
Crotaphopeltis degeni — CHIRIO & INEICH 2006
Crotaphopeltis degeni — WALLACH et al. 2014: 199
Crotaphopeltis degeni — SPAWLS et al. 2018: 524 
DistributionS Sudan (Jumhūriyyat), Republic of South Sudan (RSS), Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia, Tanzania (relict population), E Central African Republic, Cameroon (RASMUSSEN 1997, 2000), Chad (Chirio & LeBreton 2007)

Type locality: Entebbe, Uganda.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesSyntypes: BMNH 1946.1.9.96-97 
DiagnosisDIAGNOSIS: A semiaquatic species of Crotaphopeltis of the Central African Plateau with the following character combination: 19 scale rows at mid-body, dorsal scales smooth all over the body; 15-19 + II maxillary teeth; 31-41 (male) and 25-38 (female) subcaudals; hemipenis extending to subcaudal scute No.7-II and usually provided with five enlarged spines proximally; dorsum dark brown, grey or almost black, no white specks or temporal marks, pigment On lower jaw usually restricted to the last infralabial; venter cream or pale yellowish; underside of tail whitish, with a more or less distinctly pigmented, median stripe, usually but not always, starting just behind the anal shield [from RASMUSSEN et al. 2000].


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CommentNot listed for Tanzania by BROADLEY & HOWELL 1991. 
EtymologyNamed after Edward J. E. Degen (1852-1922), a collector born in Basel and who died in London. He collected reptiles, mammals, and fishes in East Africa (ca. 1895-1905). After leaving Africa he worked as an articulator/taxidermist at the Natural History Museum, London. 
References
  • Angenstein, P. 1996. Zur Haltung und Nachzucht von Crotaphopeltis hotamboeia und C. tornieri (Serpentes: Boiginae). Elaphe 4 (3): 6-16
  • Barbour, T.; Amaral, A. D. 1927. Studies on African ophidia. Bull. Antivenin Inst. America 1 (1): 1-3
  • Behangana, M., Ayebare, S., Magala, R., Lukwago, W., Ssekisambu, R. S., Alezuyo, C., ... & Hughes, D. 2023. Establishing baseline data for herpetofauna in western Uganda, an East African biodiversity hotspot: Reptile and amphibian diversity in Uganda. Herpetology Notes, 16, 773-789
  • Behangana, Mathias; Richard Magala, Raymond Katumba, David Ochanda, Stephen Kigoolo, Samuel Mutebi, Daniele Dendi,, Luca Luiselli, and Daniel F. Hughes 2020. Herpetofaunal diversity and community structure in the Murchison Falls-Albert Delta Ramsar site, Uganda: Herpetofaunal diversity. European Journal of Ecology, 6(2)
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Boulenger,G.A. 1906. Additions to the herptetology of British East Africa. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 2: 570-573 - get paper here
  • Broadley, Donald G. 1968. A new species of Crotaphopeltis (Serpentes: Colubridae) from Barotseland, Zambia. Fieldiana. Zoology 51 (10): 135-139 - get paper here
  • Chippaux, Jean-Philippe & Kate Jackson 2019. Snakes of Central and Western Africa. Johns Hopkins University Press, 448 pp. [detaileld review in HR 51 (1): 161] - get paper here
  • Chirio, L. & Lebreton, M. 2007. Atlas des reptiles du Cameroun. MNHN, IRD, Paris 688 pp.
  • Chirio, Laurent and Ivan Ineich 2006. Biogeography of the reptiles of the Central African Republic. African Journal of Herpetology 55(1):23-59. - get paper here
  • Engelbrecht, Hanlie M. 2017. The radiation and biogeography of snakes across south-eastern Africa with respect to the evolution of the savanna biome. PhD thesis, Stellenbosch University, - get paper here
  • Gemel, R.; G. Gassner & S. Schweiger 2019. Katalog der Typen der Herpetologischen Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien – 2018. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B 121: 33–248
  • Largen, M.J.; Spawls, S. 2010. Amphibians and Reptiles of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 694 pp.
  • Largen,M.J. & Rasmussen,J.B. 1993. Catalogue of the snakes of Ethiopia (Reptilia Serpentes), including identification keys. Tropical Zoology 6: 313-434 - get paper here
  • Pitman,C.R.S. 1974. A guide to the snakes of Uganda. Codicote, Wheldon & Wesley, L., 290 pp.
  • Rasmussen, J.B. 1997. On two little-known African water snakes (Crotaphopeltis degeni and Crotaphopeltis barotseensis). Amphibia-Reptilia 18: 191-206 - get paper here
  • Rasmussen, Jens Bodtker; Chirio, Laurent; and Ineich, Ivan 2000. The Herald Snakes (Crotaphopeltis) of the Central African Republic, Including a Systematic Review of C. hippocrepis. Zoosystema 22(3):585-600
  • Spawls, Stephen; Tomáš Mazuch & Abubakr Mohammad 2023. Handbook of Amphibians and Reptiles of North-east Africa. Bloomsbury, 640 pp. - get paper here
  • Spawls, Steve; Kim Howell, Harald Hinkel, Michele Menegon 2018. Field Guide to East African Reptiles. Bloomsbury, 624 pp. - get paper here
  • Trape, J.-F. 2023. Guide des serpents d’Afrique occidentale, centrale et d’Afrique du Nord. IRD Éditions, Marseille, 896 pp.
  • Trape, Jean-François; Israël Demba Kodindo, Ali Sougoudi Djiddi, Joseph Mad-Toïngué & Clément Hinzoumbé Kerah 2020. The snakes of Chad: results of a field survey and annotated country-wide checklist. Bonn zoological Bulletin 69 (2): 367–393 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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