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Crotaphopeltis hotamboeia (LAURENTI, 1768)

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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Serpentes (snakes) 
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: White-lipped Herald Snake, Red-lipped Snake
G: Weißlippen-Schlange 
SynonymCoronella hotamboeia LAURENTI 1768: 58
Leptodira rufescens GMELIN 1789: 1094 — GÜNTHER 1895: 525
Coronella rufescens — SCHLEGEL 1837
Dipsas inornatus SMITH 1849
Heterurus rufescens — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1854: 1170
Crotaphopeltis rufescens — BOCAGE 1866: 49
Leptodira rufescens — BOETTGER 1893: 119
Leptodira hotamboeia - PERACCA 1897
Leptodira hitamboeia — BOULENGER 1897: 279 (in error)
Leptodira hotamboeia — STERNFELD 1917
Leptodeira hotamboeia — SCHMIDT 1923: 107
Crotaphopeltis hotamboeia hotamboeia — LOVERIDGE 1937: 276
Tarbophis barnum-browni BOGERT 1940
Crotaphopeltis hotamboeia ruziziensis LAURENT 1956
Crotaphopeltis hotamboeia — BROADLEY 1968
Crotaphopeltis bicolor (LEACH 1819)
Crotaphopeltis hotamboeia — AUERBACH 1987: 184
Crotaphopeltis hotamboeia — RÖDEL & MAHSBERG 2000
Crotaphopeltis hotamboeia — LARGEN & SPAWLS 2010: 533 
DistributionE/S Republic of South Africa, Swaziland, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Zambia, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire; except in the center), Congo (Brazzaville), Malawi, Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda, Kenya, Senegal, Mali, Eritrea, Ethiopia, S Somalia, Central African Republic, Gambia (HÅKANSSON 1981), Ivory Coast (RÖDEL et al. 1999), Cameroon (Joger 1982, Böhme & Schneider 1987), Gabon (Pauwels et al. 2006), Ghana, Benin, Burkina Faso, Liberia, Togo, Nigeria

Type locality: “India orientali” = Africa. Map legend:
TDWG region - Region according to the TDWG standard, not a precise distribution map.

NOTE: TDWG regions are generated automatically from the text in the distribution field and this does not always work properly. We are working on it.
 
TypesNone. Description based on fig. 6, plate xxxiii in Seba 1734 
CommentType species: Coronella rufescens is the type species for the genus Crotaphopeltis FITZINGER 1843.

DIAGNOSIS: An African savanna living species of Crotaphopeltis with the following character combination: (17) 19 (21) scale rows at mid-body, dorsal scales keeled, at least posteriorly; 12- 18 + II + 1 maxillary teeth; 31-57 (male) and 25- 51 (female) subcaudals; hemipenis extending to sub caudal scute No. seven to fourteen and provided with three distinctly enlarged, stout, proximal spines; dorsum various shades of grey, brown, olive or black, usually with scattered white specks which may form transverse bands in juveniles and subadults, temple with a dark, bluish- black or purplish-black mark which may extend backwards to encircle the occiput and reach the last, or the last and penultimate, and rarely also the antepenultimate infralabial; venter and underside of tail white, cream or pale brown, exceptionally with some dark pigmentation [from RASMUSSEN et al. 2000]. 
References
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