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Ctenotus pantherinus (PETERS, 1866)

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Higher TaxaScincidae, Sphenomorphinae (Sphenomorphini), Scincoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
SubspeciesCtenotus pantherinus acripes STORR 1975
Ctenotus pantherinus calx STORR 1970
Ctenotus pantherinus ocellifer STORR 1969
Ctenotus pantherinus pantherinus (PETERS 1866) 
Common NamesE: Leopard Ctenotus 
SynonymLygosoma (Hinulia) pantherinum PETERS 1866: 89
Egernia whitei carnarae KINGHORN 1931
Lygosoma (Hinulia) breviunguis KINGHORN 1932
Ctenotus pantherinus — COGGER 2000: 436
Ctenotus pantherinus — WILSON & SWAN 2010

Ctenotus pantherinus acripes STORR 1975
Magnuscincus acripes — WELLS & WELLINGTON 1985: 33
Ctenotus acripes — STORR et al. 1999
Ctenotus pantherinus acripes — COGGER 2000: 436

Ctenotus pantherinus calx STORR 1970
Ctenotus pantherinus calx STORR 1970: 99
Magnuscincus calx — WELLS & WELLINGTON 1985: 33
Ctenotus calx — STORR et al. 1999
Ctenotus pantherinus calx — COGGER 2000: 436

Ctenotus pantherinus ocellifer STORR 1969
Lygosoma ocellatum BOULENGER 1896: 233 (non Mocoa ocellata GARY 1845)
Lygosoma ocelliferum BOULENGER 1896 (nom. nov. pro L. ocellatum)
Lygosoma ocelliferum BOULENGER 1896: 342
Lygosoma (Hinulia) ocelliferum — STERNFELD 1925: 246
Lygosoma (Sphenomorphus) ocelliferum — SMITH 1937: 220
Lygosoma (Sphenomorphus) ocelliferum — GLAUERT 1960
Ctenotus pantherinus ocellifer — STORR 1970: 98
Magnuscincus ocellifer — WELLS & WELLINGTON 1985: 33
Ctenotus pantherinus ocellifer — STORR et al. 1999 
DistributionAustralia (New South Wales?, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia)

acripes: arid Nw Queensland and Barrow Island, Western Australia.
calx: N Australia from the Kimberleys to NW Queensland.
ocellifer: remainder of range.
pantherinus: SW Western Australia; Type locality: “Swan River (Australien)” [= Western Australia].  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: ZMB 5379
Holotype: NMV D10810 (National Museum of Victoria) [calx]
Holotype: WAM R27843, collected by W.H. Butler on 2 June 1964 [acripes]
Holotype: ZMUO K2009 (= UZMO, Zoologisk Museum, University of Oslo, Norway) Roebuck Bay, WA, collected K. Dahl [ocellifer] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (4876 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentSynonymy partly after COGGER 1983.

Subspecies: Prates et al. 2022 failed to recover previously suggested geographical patterns of phenotypic variation, instead finding character polymorphism within regions and individual localities, and thus questioning the morphological distinctiveness of each subspecies. However, these authors did find geographic and genetic structure in a phylogenetic analysis, although these lineages do not appear to be evolving independently, providing no support for their designation as species-level taxa.

Abundance: quite common, with more than 400 specimens collected (Pianka 2011)

Limb morphology: 5 digits, 5 toes (Singhal et al. 2018, Cogger 2014) 
EtymologyPresumably named after the Latin panthera (panther) plus the suffix -inus (having the condition of), referring to the pattern. (G. Shea, pers. comm., 9 Feb 2024) 
References
  • Bauer, A.M.; Günther,R. & Klipfel,M. 1995. The herpetological contributions of Wilhelm C.H. Peters (1815-1883). SSAR Facsimile Reprints in Herpetology, 714 pp.
  • Boulenger, G. A. 1896. Descriptions of four new lizards from Roebuck Bay, N. W. Australia obtained by Dr. Dahl for the Christiania Museum. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 18: 232—235 - get paper here
  • Cogger, H. G. 2014. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia, 7th ed. CSIRO Publishing, xxx + 1033 pp. - get paper here
  • Cogger, H.G. 2000. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia, 6th ed. Ralph Curtis Publishing, Sanibel Island, 808 pp.
  • Couper, P., Covacevich, J., Amey, A. & Baker, A. 2006. The genera of skinks (Family Scincidae) of Australia and its island territories: diversity, distribution and identification. in: Merrick, J.R., Archer, M., Hickey, G.M. & Lee, M.S.Y. (eds.). Evolution and Zoogeography of Australasian Vertebrates. Australian Scientific Publishing, Sydney, pp. 367-384
  • Dittmer, D. E., Chapman, T. L. & Bidwell, J. R. 2020. In the shadow of an iconic inselberg: Uluru’s shadow influences climates and reptile assemblage structure at its base. J. Arid Environ. 181, 104179 (2020) - get paper here
  • Glauert, L. 1960. Herpetological miscellanea. XII. The family Scincidae in Western Australia. Pt. 2. The genus Lygosoma. Western Australian Naturalist 7 (4): 81-99 - get paper here
  • Goodyear, Stephen E. and Eric R. Pianka 2011. Spatial and Temporal Variation in Diets of Sympatric Lizards (Genus Ctenotus) in the Great Victoria Desert, Western Australia. Journal of Herpetology 45 (3): 265-271. - get paper here
  • Hallermann, J. 2020. An annotated list of reptiles and amphibians from the 1905 Hamburg expedition to southwest Australia deposited in the Zoological Museum Hamburg. Evolutionary Systematics 4: 61 - get paper here
  • Kearney, S.G.; P.L. Kern, and A.S. Kutt 2020. A baseline terrestrial vertebrate fauna survey of Pullen Pullen; a significant conservation reserve in south-west Queensland. Australian Zoologist - get paper here
  • Maryan, B., Gaikhorst, G., & Parkhurst, B. 2024. The terrestrial herpetofauna of the Zuytdorp coast and hinterland of Western Australia: Exceptional richness in a global biodiversity hotspot. Western Australian Naturalist, 33, 3
  • Peters. WILHELM C. H. 1866. Mittheilung über neue Amphibien (Amphibolurus, Lygosoma, Cyclodus, Masticophis, Crotaphopeltis) und Fische (Diagramma, Hapalogenys) des Kgl. Zoologischen Museums. Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wissensch. Berlin, 1866: 86-96. - get paper here
  • Prates, I., Doughty, P., & Rabosky, D. L. 2022. Subspecies at crossroads: the evolutionary significance of genomic and phenotypic variation in a wide-ranging Australian lizard (Ctenotus pantherinus). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - get paper here
  • Prates, I., Singhal, S., Marchán-Rivadeneira, M. R., Grundler, M. R., Moritz, C., Donnellan, S., & Rabosky, D. 2021. Genetic and Ecogeographic Controls on Species Cohesion in Australia’s Most Diverse Lizard Radiation. American Naturalist 199 (2): E57-E75 - get paper here
  • Punzo, Fred & Sonia Madragon 2002. Spatial learning in Australian skinks of the genus Ctenotus (Scincidae). Amphibia-Reptilia 23 (2): 233-238 - get paper here
  • Reeder, T.W. 2003. A phylogeny of the Australian Sphenomorphus group (Scincidae: Squamata) and the phylogenetic placement of the crocodile skinks (Tribolonotus): Bayesian approaches to assessing congruence and obtaining confidence in maximum likelihood inferred relatio Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 27: 384–397 - get paper here
  • Singhal, Sonal; Huateng Huang, Maggie R. Grundler, María R. Marchán-Rivadeneira, Iris Holmes, Pascal O. Title, Stephen C. Donnellan, and Daniel L. Rabosky 2018. Does Population Structure Predict the Rate of Speciation? A Comparative Test across Australia’s Most Diverse Vertebrate Radiation. The American Naturalist - get paper here
  • Smith, M.A. 1937. A review of the genus Lygosoma (Scincidae: Reptilia) and its allies. Records of the Indian Museum 39 (3): 213-234
  • Storr G M 1969. The genus Ctenotus (Lacertilia: Scincidae) in the Eastern Division of Western Australia. J. Royal Soc. Western Australia 51: 97-109 - get paper here
  • Storr G M 1970. The genus Ctenotus (Lacertilia: Scincidae) in the Northern Territory. J. Royal Soc. Western Australia 52: 97-108 [1969] - get paper here
  • Storr G M 1978. Notes on the Ctenotus (Lacertilia, Scincidae) of Queensland. Rec. West. Aust. Mus. 6 (3): 319-332 - get paper here
  • Storr, G. M. 1974. The genus Ctenotus (Lacertilia: Scincidae) in the South-west and Eucla Divisions of Western Australia. J R. Soc. West. Aust. 56: 86-93 [1973]
  • Storr, G. M. 1975. The genus Ctenotus (Lacertilia: Scincidae) in the Kimberley and North-west Divisions of Western Australia. Rec. West. Aust. Mus. 3: 209-243 - get paper here
  • Storr, G. M.; L. A. Smith, and R. E. Johnstone 1999. Lizards of Western Australia. I. Skinks. Revised Edition. Western Australian Museum
  • Swan, G.; Sadlier, R.; Shea, G. 2017. A field guide to reptiles of New South Wales. Reed New Holland, 328 pp.
  • Wilson, S. & Swan, G. 2010. A complete guide to reptiles of Australia, 3rd ed. Chatswood: New Holland, 558 pp.
 
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