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Cyclura carinata HARLAN, 1824

IUCN Red List - Cyclura carinata - Critically Endangered, CR
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Higher TaxaIguanidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Turks & Caicos Iguana, Turks Island Iguana, Turks and Caicos Rock Iguana
G: Wirtelschwanz 
SynonymCyclura carinata HARLAN 1824: 250
Iguana (Cyclura ) Carinata — GRAY 1831 (in CUVIER; edit. GRIFFITH)
Cyclura (Cyclura ) carinata — FITZINGER 1843 (partim)
Cyclura carinata — COPE 1886: 262
Cyclura carinata — BOULENGER 1885: 193
Cyclura carinata carinata — BARBOUR 1935
Cyclura carinata bartschi COCHRAN 1931
Cyclura carinata — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1991: 388 
DistributionTurks I [HR 31: 253], Caicos I [HR 31: 253], Bahama I, Mayaguana I (E Bahamas)

carinata: Turks and Caicos Is. Type locality: "Turk's Island."

bartschi: Bahama Is.: Booby Cay east of Mayaguana I.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: Unlocated.
Holotype: USNM 81212 [bartschi] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus): differs from all other iguanid genera in possessing the following combination of character states: a) modal number of premaxillary teeth greater than seven, b) presence of toe combs formed by enlargement of anterior keels of subdigital scales and fusion of their bases, c) snout covered by large platelike scales in most taxa, d) tail bears verticils of enlarged spinous scales (John Iverson et al., pers. comm.).


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CommentIllustrations: Barbour and Noble, 1916; Auffenberg, 1975; Schwartz and Carey, 1977; Iverson, 1979.

BRYAN et al. (2007) found insufficient genetic differentiation between the subspecies of C. carinata and suggested to synonymize them.

Type species: Cyclura carinata HARLAN 1824 is the type species of the genus Cyclura HARLAN 1824 ((designated by FITZINGER 1843).

Synonymy: The genus Cyclura Warren, 1897 (Insecta: Drepanidae; Novit. zool. 4 : 14) is a junior Homonym.

Phylogeny: Reynolds et al. 2022 presented a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of all species in the genus. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin “carinatus” = keeled (like a ship).

The genus was named after Greek cyclos (κύκλος), ring, circle; wheel; round + Greek oura (οὐρά), tail. [“...tail verticillate circular at its base...”]. 
References
  • Alberts, A.C.; Carter, R.L.; Hayes, W.K. & Martins, E.P. (eds.) 2004. Iguanas - Biology and Conservation. University of California Press, 356 pp. - get paper here
  • Auffenberg, W. 1975. The Dragon Isles: West Indian rock iguanas. Bahamas Nat., summer 1975:2-7.
  • Avery, D. F.; Tanner, W. W. 1971. Evolution of the iguanine lizards (Sauria, Iguanidae) as determined by osteological and myological characters. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin 12 (3): 1-79
  • Barbour, T. 1916. Additional notes on West Indian reptiles and amphibians. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 29: 215-220. - get paper here
  • Barbour, T. and Noble, G.K. 1916. A revision of the lizards of the genus Cyclura. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 60 (4): 139-64. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2, Second edition. London, xiii+497 pp. - get paper here
  • Bryan, J.J.; Gerber, G.P.; Welch, M.E. & Stephen, C.L. 2007. Re-evaluating the Taxonomic Status of the Booby Cay Iguana, Cyclura carinata bartschi. Copeia 2007 (3): 734-739 - get paper here
  • Buckley, Larry J.; Kevin de Queiroz, Tandora D. Grant, Bradford D. Hollingsworth, John B. Iverson (Chair, <br>Stesha A. Pasachnik, and Catherine L. Stephen (Iguana Taxonomy Working Group, ITWG 2016. A Checklist of the Iguanas of the World (Iguanidae; Iguaninae). Herp. Cons. Biol. 11 (Monograph 6) - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1886. On the species of Iguaninae. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 23 (122): 261-271 - get paper here
  • Harlan, R. 1824. Description of two species of Linnaean Lacerta, not before described, and construction of the new genus Cyclura. J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia [1] 4 (2): 242-251. - get paper here
  • Iverson, J.B. 1979. Behavior and ecology of the rock iguana Cyclura carinata. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum 24(3): 175-358. - get paper here
  • Lai C, Scarpetta SG. 2024. The skull of the Turks and Caicos rock iguana, Cyclura carinata (Squamata: Iguanidae). PeerJ 12:e17595 - get paper here
  • Lemm, J.M. & Alberts, A.C. 2012. Cyclura. Elsevier / Academic Press, 221 pp.
  • Malone,C.L.; Wheeler,T.; Taylor, J.F. & Davis,S.K. 2000. Phylogeography of the Caribbean Rock Iguana (Cyclura): implications for conservation and insights on the biogeographic history of the West Indies. Mol. Phylogen. Evol. 17 (2): 269 - get paper here
  • Reynolds, R. G., Miller, A. H., Pasachnik, S. A., Knapp, C. R., Welch, M. E., Colosimo, G., ... & Iverson, J. B. 2022. Phylogenomics and Historical Biogeography of West Indian Rock Iguanas (genus Cyclura). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 107548 - get paper here
  • Schwartz, A. & Henderson, R.W. 1991. Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 720 pp.
  • Schwartz, A. and Carey, M. 1977. Systematics and evolution in the West Indian iguanid genus Cyclura. Stud. Fauna Curaçao and Carib. Is. 53(173):15-97. - get paper here
 
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