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Cylindrophis ruffus (LAURENTI, 1768)

IUCN Red List - Cylindrophis ruffus - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaCylindrophiidae, Henophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Red-tailed Pipe Snake, Red Cylinder Snake
G: Rotschwanz-Walzenschlange, Rote Walzenschlange
Indonesian: Ular Pipa Ekor Merah
E: Mirza’s Pipe-Snake [mirzae]
Indonesian: Ular Pipa Mirza [mirzae]
Chinese: 红尾筒蛇 
SynonymAnguis ruffa LAURENTI 1768: 71
Anguis rufus — GMELIN 1789 (nomen emend.)
Anguis striatus GMELIN 1789
Anguis scytale RUSSELL 1801
Anguis rufa — SHAW 1802 (nomen emend.)
Cylindrophis resplendens WAGLER 1828 (fide SCHLEGEL 1844)
Tortrix rufa — DE FILIPPI 1840
Cylindrophis rufa GRAY 1842
Cylindrophis rufa — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1844: 595
Cylindrophis rufa — JAN 1865
Cylindrophis rufus — STOLICZKA 1870: 183
Cylindrophis rufus — BOULENGER 1893: 134
Cylindrophis rufus — DE ROOIJ 1917: 36
Cylindrophis rufus — SMITH 1943: 96
Cylindrophis ruffus — MANTHEY & GROSSMANN 1997: 413
Cylindrophis ruffus — COX et al. 1998: 16
Cylindrophis ruffus — STUEBING & INGER 1999
Cylindrophis ruffus — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 154
Cylindrophis ruffus ruffus — LANG & VOGEL 2005
Cylindrophis ruffus — NGUYEN et al. 2009
Cylindrophis ruffus ruffus — COX et al. 2012: 44
Cylindrophis ruffus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 204
Cylindrophis rufus — LILLYWHITE 2014: 15 (in error)
Cylindrophis ruffus — AMARASINGHE et al. 2015
Cylindrophis mirzae AMARASINGHE, INEICH, CAMPBELL & HALLERMANN in AMARASINGHE et al. 2015
Cylindrophis mirzai AMARASINGHE et al. 2015 (see comment) 
DistributionIndonesia (Sumatra, Riau, Banka, Borneo, Java, Sula, Buton, Sulawesi= Celebes, Komodo, Natuna islands),
W Malaysia, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia,
China (Hainan, Fujian, Xiamen)

Type locality: Java in Indonesia (Schlegel 1844). The original type locality given by Laurenti was in error, see comment.

mirzae: Singapore; Type locality: Singapore  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesLectotype: BMNH 1940.3.3.1 (designated by Amarasinghe et al. 2015 who also discussed type issues further). Holotype: RMNH ?, also given as MG (Museo Gronoviano), lost fide Iskandar & Colijn 2002: 24.
Lectotype: BMNH 1940.3.3.1 [burmanus]
Holotype: MNHN-RA 3279, (SVL 419 mm), collected at Singapore, by Joseph Fortuné Théodore Eydoux (1802–1841), certainly during the expedition on the vessel La Favorite (1829–1832). Paratypes (3): BMNH 1847.2.9.23, (SVL 693 mm), collected from Singapore, by A.F. Gardiner, collection date unknown; BMNH 1938.9.8.1, (SVL 580 mm), collected from Singapore, by Dr. A.G.H. Smart (Assistant Medical Advisor, Colonial Office S.W.1.), presented by Dr. H.B. Newham (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine), collection date unknown; BMNH 1880.9.10.23, (SVL 298 mm), collected from Singapore, collector and the date unknown, presented by Dr. Dennis. [mirzae] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (family): The family Cylindrophiidae can be distinguished from its sister family Anomochilidae by having a mental grove, nasals in contact, and no preocular (Das et al. 2008).


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CommentAlthough the name is often spelled "rufus", the original spelling by Laurenti contained a double "f". See MCDIARMID et al. (1999) for further discussion and references.

Synonymy: Cylindrophis ruffus burmanus SMITH 1943 has been elevated to full species by Amarasinghe et al. 2015. Kieckbusch et al. 2016 synonymized C. mirzae with C. ruffus. The paper by Amarasinghe et al. (2015) exists in two versions, an earlier one, in which Fig. 8 lists the names of the new species as C. jodii and C. mirzai, and a revised version in which these errors have been corrected (Kieckbusch et al. 2016). Scytale scheuchzeri MERREM 1820 used to be listed as a synonym of C. ruffus (e.g. Boie 1827; Schlegel 1837; Duméril & Bibron 1844; Gray 1849; McDiarmid et al. 1999; Bauer & Wahlgren 2013; Wallach et al. 2014) but was shown not to be most likely a colubroid snake (Kieckbusch et al. 2016: 7).

Etymology (mirzae): The species epithet is an eponym latinized as a noun in the genitive singular, honouring Dr. Mirza Kusrini for her generous friendship and support, for her dedication and important contributions to herpetological conservation and ecology in Indonesia. Mirza Kusrini is an Indonesian herpetologist and currently she is a lecturer at Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia and a steering committee member of IUCN Species Survival Commission Amphibian Specialist Group.

Distribution: not in Hong Kong fide Francis 2021.

Terra typica: Surinam (in error).

Type species: Cylindrophis resplendens Wagler 1828 is the type species of the genus Cylindrophis WAGLER 1828. The genus is also the type genus of the family Cylindrophiidae.

Key: McDowell 1975: 27 provides a key to the species of the genus Cylindrophis in the Lesser Sunda, Moluccan, and Aru Islands. 
References
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