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Cyrtodactylus taungwineensis GRISMER, WOOD, QUAH, GRISMER, THURA, OAKS & LIN, 2020

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Higher TaxaGekkonidae, Gekkota, Sauria, Squamata (lizards: geckos)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Taung Wine Hill Bent-toed Gecko 
SynonymCyrtodactylus taungwineensis GRISMER, WOOD, QUAH, GRISMER, THURA, OAKS & LIN 2020 
DistributionMyanmar (Kayin)

Type locality: Taung Wine Hill, Kayin State, 12.4 km east of Hpa-an, Kayin State, Myanmar (16.90932°N, 97.74842°E; 31 m in elevation  
Reproduction 
TypesHolotype. LSUHC 14105, Adult male, collected on 6 November 2018 at 2100 hrs by Evan S. H. Quah, Myint Kyaw Thura, Jamie R. Oaks, Perry L. Wood Jr., Lin, A., and L. Lee Grismer.
Paratypes. Adult male paratypes LSUHC 14108, 14110, 14112–15 and adult female paratypes 14106–07, 14109, 14111, bear the same collection data as the holotype. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis. Cyrtodactylus taungwineensis sp. nov. differs from all species in the C. sinyineensis group by having the combination of 7–10 supralabials; 6–8 infralabials; 29–32 paravertebral tubercles; 18–20 longitudinal rows of dorsal tubercles; 30–36 ventral scales; seven or eight expanded subdigital lamellae on the fourth toe; 11–13 unexpanded subdigital lamellae on the fourth toe; 18–21 total subdigital lamellae on the fourth toe; 19–30 enlarged femoral scales; a total of 13–22 pore-bearing femoral scales in males; 7–10 enlarged precloacal scales; 6–8 porebearing precloacal scales in males; three rows of enlarged post-precloacal scales; four or five dorsal body bands; 11–13 light-colored caudal bands; 11–13 dark-colored caudal bands; raised and strongly keeled dorsal tubercles that extend beyond the postcloacal swelling; enlarged femoral and precloacal scales nearly the same size and variably continuous; pore-bearing femoral and precloacal scales generally not continuous; medial subcaudals two to three times wider than long and not extending onto lateral side of tail; nuchal loop not divided medially, lacking an anterior azygous notch, and bearing a straight posterior border; no band on nape; dorsal bands lacking paravertebral elements, wider than interspaces, bearing lightened centers, partly edged with white tubercles, and generally zig-zag in shape; dark markings in dorsal interspaces; light-colored caudal bands in adults bearing dark-colored markings; light-colored caudal bands not encircling tail; and mature regenerated tail not spotted (Table 6).

Comparisons (Tables 4, 6). Cyrtodactylus taungwineensis sp. nov. (n=14) differs from various combinations of all other species in the C. sinyineensis group (n=3–24) in having statistically different mean values across a broad number of scale characteristics (Table 4). It differs from C. dammathetensis in having similarly sized enlarged femoral scales, medial subcaudal scales not extending onto the lateral side of the tail, lacking a band on the nape, dorsal bands lacking paravertebral elements but with lightened centers and partly edged with light-colored tubercles, light-colored caudal bands bearing dark-colored markings in adults, and a maximum SVL of 82.0 mm vs 69.3 mm (n=3). From C. aequalis it differs in not having a medially divided nuchal loop, lacking a band on the nape, dorsal bands lacking paravertebral elements but with lightened centers, having light-colored caudal bands that do not encircle the tail that bear-colored dark markings in adults. It differs from C. cf. aequalis in that the light-colored caudal bands in adults have dark-colored markings. From C. sinyineensis it differs in lacking a band on the nape. It differs from C. welpyanensis by lacking a band on the nape, having dorsal bands with lightened centers that are partly edged with light-colored tubercles, and by not having a whitish ventrolateral body fold. It can be separated from C. bayinnyiensis in that the median subcaudal scales do not extend onto the lateral side of the tail, it lacks a band on the nape, the dorsal bands are partly edged with light-colored tubercles, there are dark-colored markings in the light-colored caudal bands, and the mature regenerated tail is not spotted. It is differentiated from C. chaunghanakwaensis in that the dorsal tubercles are larger and more strongly keeled, the pore-bearing femoral and precloacal scales are discontinuous, the median subcaudal scales do not extend onto the side of the tail, there is no band on the nape, and there are no paravertebral elements in the dorsal bands. From C. naungkayaingensis it is separated by the median subcaudal scales not extending onto the side of the tail, no paravertebral elements in the dorsal bands, the dorsal bands being wider than the interspaces and partly edged with light-colored tubercles, and having a maximum SVL of 82.0 mm vs 66.9 mm (n=3). 
Comment 
EtymologyThe specific epithet, taungwineensis is a noun in apposition in reference to the type locality of Taung Wine Hill. 
References
  • CHOMDEJ, S., SUWANNAPOOM, C., PAWANGKHANANT, P., PRADIT, W., NAZAROV, R. A., GRISMER, L. L., & POYARKOV, N. A. 2020. A new species Cyrtodactytlus Gray (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from western Thailand and the phylogenetic placement of C. inthanon and C. doisuthep. Zootaxa 4838 (2): 179-209 - get paper here
  • Grismer, L. L., Wood, P. L., Poyarkov, N. A., Le, M. D., Kraus, F., Agarwal, I., ... & Grismer, J. L. 2021. Phylogenetic partitioning of the third-largest vertebrate genus in the world, Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Reptilia; Squamata; Gekkonidae) and its relevance to taxonomy and conservation. Vertebrate Zoology 71: 101–154 - get paper here
  • GRISMER, L. LEE; PERRY L. WOOD, JR., EVAN S.H. QUAH, MARTA S. GRISMER, MYINT KYAW<br />THURA, JAMIE R. OAKS & AUNG LIN 2020. Two new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from a karstic archipelago in the Salween Basin of southern Myanmar (Burma). Zootaxa 4718 (2): 151–183 - get paper here
 
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