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Deinagkistrodon acutus (GÜNTHER, 1888)

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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Chinese Moccasin, Hundred-pace viper, five-pacer viper
G: Chinesischer Kupferkopf, Chinesische Nasenotter
Chinese: 尖吻蝮 
SynonymHalys acutus GÜNTHER 1888: 171
Ancistrodon acutus BOULENGER 1896: 524
Agkistrodon acutus — STEJNEGER 1926: 100
Agkistrodon acutus — POPE 1935
Ancistrodon acutus — SMITH 1943: 501
Calloselasma acutus — BURGER 1971
Deinagkistrodon acutus — GLOYD 1979
Agkistrodon acutus — HARDING & WELCH 1980
Deinagkistrodon acutus — WELCH 1994: 53
Deinagkistrodon acutus — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 301
Deinagkistrodon acutus — NGUYEN et al. 2009
Deinagkistrodon acutus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 213
Deinagkistrodon acutus — WANG et al. 2022 
DistributionC/S Taiwan, China (from Zhejiang and Fujian west to Guizhou and SE Sichuan; Hupeh, Hunan, Chekiang, Fukien, Kwangtung),
N Vietnam (Yen Bai, Ha Giang, etc.), Laos ?

Type locality: Wusueh, Hupeh, China  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesSyntypes: BMNH 1946.1.19.56-58 (3) 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (1324 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentVenomous!

Type species: Halys acutus GÜNTHER 1888: 171 is the type species of the genus Deinagkistrodon GLOYD 1979.

Distribution: possibly in Yunnan (China) but records from there are questionable (Wang et al. 2022). 
EtymologyNamed after Latin “acuere” = sharp, or “acutus” = sharpened, pointed, or “acumen” = tip, or “acus” = needle. 
References
  • Aeberhard, Roger 2014. Bemerkungen zur Naturbrut der Chinesischen Nasenotter, Deinagkistrodon acutus (Günther, 1888). Ophidia 8 (1): 23-32
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1896. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum, Vol. 3. London (Taylor & Francis), xiv + 727 pp. - get paper here
  • Burger, W. L. 1971. Genera of Pitvipers. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Kansas, Lawrence, USA. - get paper here
  • Chen, Y.; Zhang, D.; Jiang, K. & Wang, Z. 1992. Evaluation of Snake Venoms among Agkistrodon Species in China. Asiatic Herpetological Research 4: 58-61 - get paper here
  • Deuve, J. 1961. Liste annotee des Serpents du Laos. Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Laos 1:5-32.
  • Eimermacher, T. 2016. Die Chinesische Nasenotter (Deinagkistrodon acutus): ein herpetologisches und kulturelles Phänomen. Reptilia 21 (120): 44-49
  • Fleck,J. 1987. Erst-Nachzucht von Agkistrodon acutus (GÜNTHER 1888) (Serpentes: Crotalidae). Salamandra 23 (4): 193-203 - get paper here
  • Gloyd, Howard K. 1979. A new generic name for the hundred-pace viper. Proc. BioI. Soc. Washington 91: 963-964 - get paper here
  • Gumprecht, A.; Tillack, F.; Orlov, N.L.; Captain, A. & Ryabow, S. 2004. Asian pitvipers. Geitje Books, Berlin, 368 pp.
  • Günther, A. 1888. On a collection of reptiles from China. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 1: 165-172 - get paper here
  • Guo, P., F. J. Zhang, and Y. Y. Chen. 1999. Comparative studies on the skull morphology of Chinese species of Agkistrodon and Deinagkistrodon with discussion on their classification (Serpents:Crotalinae). Zoological Research 20 (6):415~420
  • Guo, P.; Jadin, R.C.; Malhotra, A. & Li, C. 2009. An investigation of the cranial evolution of Asian pitvipers (Serpentes: Crotalinae), with comments on the phylogenetic position of Peltopelor macrolepis. Acta Zoologica 91: 402-407 - get paper here
  • Guo, P.; Zhang, F.J. & Chen, Y.Y. 1999. The Hemipenes of Chinese Species of Deinagkistrodon and Gloydius (Serpentes: Crotaiinae). Asiatic Herpetological Research 8: 38-42 - get paper here
  • Huang, S.; He, S.; Peng, Z.; Zhao, K. & Zhao, E. 2007. Molecular phylogeography of endangered sharp-snouted pitviper(Deinagkistrodon acutus; Reptilia, Viperidae) in Mainland China. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 44: 942–952 - get paper here
  • Jaureguy F, Landreau L, Passet V, Diancourt L, Frapy E, Guigon G, Carbonnelle E, Lortholary O, Clermont O, Denamur E, Picard B, Nassif X, Brisse S 2008. Evolution of the Mitochondrial Genome in Snakes: Gene Rearrangements and Phylogenetic Relationships. BMC Genomics 9:560 - get paper here
  • Laita, Mark 2013. Serpentine. Abrams and PQ Blackwell, Auckland, New Zealand, 200 unnumbered pages
  • Le, Dzung Trung; Anh Ngoc Dao, Dat Thang Pham, Thomas Ziegler, and Truong Quang Nguyen 2018. New records and an updated list of snakes from Yen Bai Province, Vietnam. Herpetology Notes 11: 101-108 - get paper here
  • Lillywhite, Harvey B. 2014. How Snakes Work: Structure, Function and Behavior of the World's Snakes. Oxford University Press, New York, 256 pp
  • McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp.
  • Nguyen, S.V., Ho, C.T. and Nguyen, T.Q. 2009. Herpetofauna of Vietnam. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 768 pp.
  • Nguyen, Truong Quang 2017. New records of amphibians and reptiles from Ha Giang Province, Vietnam. Herpetology Notes 10: 183-191 - get paper here
  • Orlov, N. L., S. A. Ryabov, N. Van Sang and N. Q. Truong 2003. New records and data on the poorly known snakes of Vietnam. Russ. J. Herpetol. 10: 217-240 - get paper here
  • O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here
  • Parkinson,C.L. 1999. Molecular systematics and biogeographical history of pitvipers as determined by mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequences. Copeia 1999 (3): 576-586 - get paper here
  • Pope, CLIFFORD H. 1935. The Reptiles of China. Turtes, Crocodilians, Snakes, Lizards. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York, Nat. Hist. Central Asia, 10: lii, 1-604 - get paper here
  • Post, Yorick; Jens Puschhof, Joep Beumer, Harald M. Kerkkamp, Merijn A.G. de Bakker, Julien Slagboom, Buys de Barbanson, Nienke R. Wevers, Xandor M. Spijkers, Thomas Olivier,<br>Taline D. Kazandjian, Stuart Ainsworth, Carmen Lopez Iglesias, Willine J 2020. Snake Venom Gland Organoids. Cell 180, 233–247 - get paper here
  • Rieser, Jennifer M.; Tai-De Li, Jessica L. Tingle, Daniel I. Goldman, Joseph R. Mendelson 2021. Functional consequences of convergently evolved microscopic skin features on snake locomotion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Feb 2021, 118 (6) e2018264118; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2018264118 - get paper here
  • Smith, M.A. 1943. The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. 3 (Serpentes). Taylor and Francis, London. 583 pp.
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  • Stejneger, L. 1925. Chinese amphibians and reptiles in the United States National Museum. Proc. US Natl. Mus. 66 (2562): 1-115. - get paper here
  • TAN, KAE YI; NOR NAIMAH SHAMSUDDIN & CHOO HOCK TAN. 2022. Sharp-nosed Pit Viper (Deinagkistrodon acutus) from Taiwan and China: A comparative study on venom toxicity and neutralization by two specific antivenoms across the Strait. Acta Tropica 232: 106495. - get paper here
  • Trutnau, L. 2001. Zur Kenntnis der Chinesischen Nasenotter Deinagkistrodon acutus (GÜNTHER 1888). Herpetofauna 23 (135): 25-34 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
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  • Wang, Y.M.; Wang, S.R.; Tsai, I.H. 2001. Serine protease isoforms of Deinagkistrodon acutus venom: cloning, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Biochemistry Journal 354(1):161-168 - get paper here
  • Werning, H. 2009. Das Serpentarium des Snakeparadise in Eschlikon in der Schweiz. Reptilia (Münster) 14 (79): 76-82 - get paper here
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