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Dendrophidion clarkii DUNN, 1933

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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Clark's Forest Racer 
SynonymDendrophidion clarkii DUNN 1933: 78
Dendrophidion dendrophis — TAYLOR 1951: 92 (part)
Dendrophidion nuchalis — SAVAGE 1973: 17 (part.)
Dendrophidion nuchale — SCOTT et al. 1983: 372 (part.)
Dendrophidion clarkii — MCCRANIE 2011
Dendrophidion clarkii — CADLE & SAVAGE 2012
Dendrophidion clarkii — WALLACH et al. 2014: 224 
DistributionCosta Rica, Panama, Colombia (incl. Valle del Cauca), Ecuador; elevation <100-1800 m.

Type locality: El Valle de Antón, Panama  
Reproductionoviparous (not imputed, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesHolotype: MCZ 34878 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Dendrophidion clarkii is characterized by (1) Dorsocaudal reduction from 8 to 6 occurring posterior to subcaudal 25 (range, 27–65); (2) anal plate usually divided (single in 8 of 45 specimens, partially divided in 1); (3) subcaudal counts > 135 in males and females; (4) head and anterior body of adults bright green, grading to brown posteriorly; (5) blackish or dark brown nuchal collar present in adults (less distinct or absent in juveniles); (6) posterior body brownish and having dark crossbands with embedded pale ocelli; tail brown to deep reddish, and either uniform (without crossbands) or with crossbands similar in overall pattern to posterior body; (7) ventral scutes in adults marked with narrow dark brown transverse lines across the anterior edge of each scute (Fig. 4); (8) total number of enlarged spines on the hemipenis relatively few (< 60); spines in the distal row uniform in size and numbering 15 (10–15).


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CommentSynonymy partly after CADLE & SAVAGE 2012.

Distribution: Not in Honduras fide McCranie 2015 (checklist Honduras, snakes of Honduras). See maps in Figures 12, 13, 20 in Cadle & Savage 2012.

Habitat: partly arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018). 
EtymologyDendrophidion clarkii is named after Herbert C. Clark, first director of the Gorgas Memorial Laboratory in Panama and overseer of the Panamanian Snake Census, which contributed immensely to knowledge of the snake fauna of Panama (see Dunn 1949, Myers 2003). 
References
  • Arteaga AF, Bustamante-Enríquez LM and Guayasamin JM 2013. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Mindo. http://www.tropicalherping.com - get paper here
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • CADLE, JOHN E. & JAY M. SAVAGE 2012. Systematics of the Dendrophidion nuchale complex (Serpentes: Colubridae) with the description of a new species from Central America. Zootaxa 3513: 1–50 - get paper here
  • Carrera, C. et al. 2009. Guía de Campo de los Pequeños Vertebrados del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito (DMQ). Publicación Miscelánea N° 5. Serie de Publicaciones del Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales (MECN) – Fondo Ambiental del MDMQ. 1-89 pp. Imprenta Nuevo Arte. Quito-Ecuador.
  • Castro-Herrera, F. & Vargas-Salinas, F. 2008. Anfibios y reptiles en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Biota Colombiana 9 (2): 251 - 277 - get paper here
  • Cortés Gómez, Angela María; Anyelet Valencia Aguilar, Diana Marcela Torres Domínguez, Lina María García Calderón, Diego Fernando Villaquirán Martínez, Andrea del Pilar Cáceres Franco, Fernando Castro Herrera 2010. Guía de los anfibios y reptiles. Área en conservación de la microcuenca Quebrada Pericos. [Valle de Cauca, Colombia]. Corporación Autónoma Regional del Valle del Cauca, Santiago de Cali: CVC, 37 pp. - get paper here
  • Doody, J S; Zamala, G E; Osterman, E; Coleman, L & Clulow, S 2018. Dendrophidion clarkii (Painted Forest-Racer) and Atractus dunni (Sleepy Goundsnake) Communal nesting. Herpetological Review 49 (2): 339-340 - get paper here
  • Dunn,E.R. 1933. Amphibians and reptiles from El Valle de Antón, Panamá. Occ. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 8: 65-79.
  • Esqueda, Luis Felipe, Enrique La Marca, Marco Natera and Pietro Battiston 2001. Noteworthy reptilian state records and a lizard species new to the herpetofauna of Venezuela. Herpetological Review 32 (3):198-200 - get paper here
  • Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here
  • Kornacker, P. & Natera-Mumaw, M. 2008. Feldherpetologische Daten zu einigen Amphibien- und Reptilienarten im Wolkenwald des “Parque Nacional Henri Pittier”, Rancho Grande, Venezuela. Sauria 30 (3): 21-37 - get paper here
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  • Lieb, Carl S. 1991. Dendrophidion nuchale. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (520): 1-2 - get paper here
  • McCranie J R 2011. The snakes of Honduras. SSAR, Salt Lake City, 725 pp.
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  • Morato, Sérgio Augusto Abrahão; Guilherme Nunes Ferreira; Michela Rossane Cavilha Scupino (eds.) 2018. Herpetofauna da Amazônia Central: Estudos na FLONA de Saracá-Taquera. Curitiba, Pr: STCP Engenharia de Projetos Ltda.; Porto Trombetas, Pa: MRN – Mineração Rio do Norte S.A., 2018.<br>210p. - get paper here
  • NATERA-MUMAW M. 2008. Nuevos registros geográficos y notas bioecológicas de Dendrophidion dendrophis (Schlegel, 1837) y Dendrophidion nuchale (Peters, 1863) (Serpentes: Colubridae) en Venezuela, con comentarios sobre la taxonomía de Dendrophidion nuchale. Herpetotropicos 4 (1): 11-16 - get paper here
  • O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here
  • Pérez-Santos,C. & Moreno, A.G. 1988. Ofidios de Colombia. Museo reegionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, Monographie VI, 517 pp.
  • Peters, W. 1863. Über einige neue oder weniger bekannte Schlangenarten des zoologischen Museums zu Berlin. Monatsb. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1863: 272-289.
  • Ray, Julie M. and Patty Ruback 2015. Updated checklists of snakes for the provinces of Panamá and Panamá Oeste, Republic of Panama. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (2): 168-188 - get paper here
  • RIVAS, GILSON A.; CÉSAR R. MOLINA, GABRIEL N. UGUETO, TITO R. BARROS, CÉSAR L. BAR- RIO-AMORÓS & PHILIPPE J. R. KOK 2012. Reptiles of Venezuela: an updated and commented checklist. Zootaxa 3211: 1–64 - get paper here
  • Savage, J.M. 2002. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna Between Two Continents, Between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, 934 pp. [review in Copeia 2003 (1): 205]
  • Smith, H.M. 1941. A new name for the Mexican snakes of the genus Dendrophidion. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 54: 73-76. - get paper here
  • Stafford, P. J. 2002. Record of the colubrid snake Dendrophidion nuchale (Peters) from Nicaragua. Southwestern Naturalist 47(4): 615-616. - get paper here
  • Torres-Carvajal O, Pazmiño-Otamendi G, Salazar-Valenzuela D. 2019. Reptiles of Ecuador: a resource-rich portal, with a dynamic checklist and photographic guides. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13 (1): [General Section]: 209–229 (e178) - get paper here
  • Valencia-Zuleta A, Jaramillo-Martínez AF, Echeverry-Bocanegra A, Viáfara-Vega R, Hernández-Córdoba O, Cardona-Botero VE, Gutiérrez-Zúñiga J, Castro-Herrera F. 2014. Conservation status of the herpetofauna, protected areas, and current problems in Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 8 (2): 1–18 (e87) - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Wilson, L. D., & MEYER, J. R. 1985. The Snakes of Honduras. 2d ed. Milwaukee Publ. Mus. Contrib. Biol. & Geol. No. 6, 150 pp. - get paper here
  • Wilson, Larry David and James R. McCranie 2002. Update on the list of reptiles know from Honduras. Herpetological Review 33 (2):90-94 - get paper here
  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
 
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