Diadophis punctatus (LINNAEUS, 1766)

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Higher Taxa	Colubridae, Dipsadinae, Serpentes (snakes)
Subspecies	Diadophis punctatus acricus PAULSON 1966 Diadophis punctatus amabilis BAIRD & GIRARD 1853 Diadophis punctatus arnyi KENNICOTT 1859: 99 Diadophis punctatus dugesii VILLADA 1875 Diadophis punctatus edwardsii (MERREM 1820: 136) Diadophis punctatus modestus BOBOURT 1866 Diadophis punctatus occidentalis BLANCHARD 1923 Diadophis punctatus pulchellus BAIRD & GIRARD 1853 Diadophis punctatus punctatus (LINNAEUS 1766) Diadophis punctatus regalis BAIRD & GIRARD 1853 Diadophis punctatus similis BLANCHARD 1923 Diadophis punctatus stictogenys COPE 1860 Diadophis punctatus vandenburgii BLANCHARD 1923
Common Names	E: Ringneck Snake acricus: Key Ringneck Snake amabilis: Pacific Ringneck Snake arnyi: Prairie Ringneck Snake dugesii: edwardsii: Northern Ringneck Snake modestus: San Bernardino Ringneck Snake occidentalis: Northwestern Ringneck Snake pulchellus: Coralbelly Ringneck Snake punctatus: Southern Ringneck Snake regalis: Regal Ringneck Snake similis: San Diego Ringneck Snake stictogenys: Mississippi Ringneck Snake vandenburghii: Monterey Ringneck Snake G: Halsbandnatter, Ringhalsnatter
Synonym	Coluber punctatus LINNAEUS 1766: 376 Natrix punctatus — MERREM 1820: 136 Homalosoma punctata — WAGLER 1830: 191 Calamaria punctata — SCHLEGEL 1837: 39 Diadophis amabilis BAIRD & GIRARD 1853: 113 Diadophis pulchellus BAIRD & GIRARD 1853: 115 Ablabes punctatus — DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854: 310 Diadophis punctatus — JAN 1866 Diadophis anthonyi VAN DENBURGH & SLEVIN 1923 Diadophis amabilis anthonyi — BLANCHARD 1942: 47 Diadophis punctatus — STEBBINS 1985: 174 Diadophis punctatus — LINER 1994 Diadophis punctatus — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1991: 599 Diadophis punctatus — MATTISON 2007: 134 Diadophis punctatus — BOUNDY et al. 2012 Diadophis punctatus punctatus — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 178 Diadophis punctatus punctatus — CROTHER 2000: 61 Diadophis punctatus punctatus — BOUNDY et al. 2012 Diadophis punctatus acricus — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 179 Diadophis punctatus acricus — CROTHER 2000: 60 Diadophis punctatus acricus — BOUNDY et al. 2012 Diadophis punctatus amabilis BAIRD & GIRARD 1853 Diadophis punctatus var. amabilis — JAN 1866 Diadophis occidentalis BLANCHARD 1923 Diadophis amabilis occidentalis — FITCH 1936 Diadophis punctatus occidentalis — STEBBINS 1985: 174 Diadophis punctatus occidentalis — CROTHER 2000: 61 Diadophis vandenburgii BLANCHARD 1923 Diadophis punctatus vandenburgii — STEBBINS 1985: 174 Diadophis punctatus vandenburgii — CROTHER 2000: 61 Diadophis punctatus amabilis — CROTHER 2000: 60 Diadophis punctatus amabilis — BOUNDY et al. 2012 Diadophis punctatus arnyi [KENNICOTT 1859] Diadophis punctatus var. Arnyi — JAN 1866 Diadophis punctatus arnyi — STEBBINS 1985: 174 Diadophis punctatus arnyi — BURT 1935 Diadophis punctatus — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 179 Diadophis punctatus arnyi — DIXON 2000 Diadophis punctatus arnyi — CROTHER 2000: 60 Diadophis punctatus arnyi — BARTS 2006 Diadophis punctatus arnyi — BOUNDY et al. 2012 Diadophis punctatus docilis BAIRD & GIRARD 1853 Diadophis punctatus var. docilis — JAN 1866 Diadophis blanchardi SCHMIDT & SMITH 1944 Diadophis docilis — COLLINS 2008 (online) Diadophis punctatus dugesii VILLADA 1875 Diadophis punctatus dougesii VILLADA 1875: 226 Diadophis regalis dougesii — TAYLOR & SMITH 1939: 240 Diadophis dugesii — BLANCHARD 1942: 51 Diadophis dugesii — SMITH & TAYLOR 1945: 47 Diadophis punctatus dugesii — LEMOS-ESPINAL 2004: 27 Diadophis punctatus edwardsii (MERREM 1820) Diadophis torquatus (SHAW 1802) (preoccupied) Diadophis punctatus edwardsii — DUNN 1920: 136 Diadophis punctatus edwardsii — CONANT 1938 Diadophis punctatus edwardsii — CROTHER 2000: 60 Diadophis punctatus edwardsii — BOUNDY et al. 2012 Diadophis punctatus modestus BOBOURT 1866 Diadophis anthonyi VAN DENBURGH & SLEVIN 1923 Diadophis similis BLANCHARD 1923 Diadophis punctatus modestus — CROTHER 2000: 61 Diadophis punctatus modestus — BOUNDY et al. 2012 Diadophis punctatus occidentalis BLANCHARD 1923 Diadophis amabilis occidentalis BLANCHARD 1923: 6 Diadophis pallidus COPE 1860 Diadophis occidentalis — COLLINS 2008 (online) Diadophis punctatus occidentalis — BOUNDY et al. 2012 Diadophis punctatus pulchellus BAIRD & GIRARD 1853 Diadophis punctatus var. pulchellus — JAN 1866 Diadophis pulchellus — STEJNEGER 1893: 203 Diadophis punctatus occidentalis — CROTHER 2000: 61 Diadophis punctatus pulchellus — BOUNDY et al. 2012 Diadophis punctatus regalis BAIRD & GIRARD 1853 Diadophis regalis BAIRD & GIRARD 1853 Diadophis laetus JAN 1863 Diadophis punctatus var. laetus — JAN 1866 Diadophis regalis arizonae BLANCHARD 1923: 2 Diadophis punctatus regalis — LINER 1994 Diadophis punctatus regalis — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 180 Diadophis punctatus regalis — DIXON 2000 Diadophis punctatus regalis — BOUNDY et al. 2012 Diadophis punctatus similis (BLANCHARD 1923) Diadophis amabilis similis BLANCHARD 1923: 4 Diadophis amabilis similis — SMITH 1945: 47 Diadophis punctatus similis — LINER 1994 Diadophis punctatus similis — BOUNDY et al. 2012 Diadophis punctatus stictogenys COPE 1860 Diadophis punctatus stictogenys — ALLEN 1932 Diadophis punctatus strictogenys [sic] — BURT 1935 Diadophis punctatus stictogenys — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 179 Diadophis punctatus stictogenys — CROTHER 2000: 61 Diadophis punctatus stictogenys — DIXON 2000 Diadophis punctatus stictogenys — BOUNDY et al. 2012 Diadophis punctatus vandenburgii BLANCHARD 1923 Diadophis amabilis vandenburgii BLANCHARD 1923: 5 Diadophis punctatus vandenburgii — BOUNDY et al. 2012
Distribution	SE Canada (incl. Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Ontario, Quebec) USA (California, Oregon, Illinois, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, SE/NE Minnesota, SE Colorado, SE Idaho, Utah, SE South Dakota, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Tennessee, Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Ohio, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Michigan, New York, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts, S New Hampshire, S Vermont, S Maine) Mexico (incl. Aguascalientes, Queretaro), Cayman I Type locality: Carolina; restricted to Charleston, South Carolina, by Schmidt, 1953; California, USA (fide GRISMER 2002). acricus: Florida; Type locality: Big Pine Key amabilis: California; Type locality: San Jose, California (see Stejneger & Barbour, 1943) anthonyi: Type locality: Islas Todos Santos, Baja California arnyi: Wisconsin, Kansas, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Texas; Type locality: Hyatt, Anderson County, Kansas docilis: Texas; Type locality: between Rio San Pedro or Devil’s River and Comanche Spring, Texas dugesii: Mexico (central plateau from C Veracruz (Mirador) westward to Nayarit, northward to Guanajuato, south to Distrito Federal); Type locality: Potreros de Balbuena, near Mexico (city), Distrito Federal. edwardsii: Wisconsin, Ohio, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, North Carolina, etc.; Type locality: Pennsylvania modestus: California; Type locality: California (see Stejneger & Barbour, 1943) occipitalis: South Carolina; Type locality: designated as “Charleston, South Carolina” (see Schmidt, 1953) pulchellus: California; Type locality: El Dorado County, California (see Stejneger & Barbour, 1943) punctatus: Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida; Type locality: Carolina (in Linnaeus, 1766), but given as “Carolina and Eastern Gulf States” by Stejneger & Barbour (1943), and restricted to “Charleston, South Carolina” by Schmidt (1953) regalis: USA (W Texas, New Mexico), Mexico (Sonora); Type locality: Sonora, Mexico similis: California; Type locality: San Diego, California. stictogenys: Illinois, Arkansas, E Texas; Type locality: designated as “southern Illinois” (see Schmidt, 1953: 183) texensis: Louisiana, Texas; Type locality: “New Orleans to Galveston” Map legend: - Region according to the TDWG standard, not a precise distribution map. NOTE: TDWG regions are generated automatically from the text in the distribution field and this does not always work properly. We are working on it.
Types	Holotype: Unknown; presumably lost. Holotype: CAS 13748 [vandenburghii]
Comment	For illustrations see Wright and Wright, 1957; Conant and Collins 1991; Ashton and Ashton, 1982, among many others. Subspecies: D. amabilis, modestus, occidentalis, pulchellus, similis, and vandenburghi appear to be nearly indistinguishable and therefore are of questionable validity (C. Feldman, cited in CROTHER 2000). Using mtDNA, Fontanella et al. (2008) identified fourteen lineages of Ringneck Snakes but declined to recognize them as distinct species, pending the acquisition of additional data from Mexican populations and the evaluation of nucleic molecular data for the entire complex. Based on known type localities (as they appear in Blanchard, 1942, Stejneger and Barbour, 1943, and Schmidt, 1953, plus information generously provided by Van Wallach, Walter E. Meshaka, Jr., James N. Layne, Travis W. Taggart, and Curtis J. Schmidt, pers. comms.) for already described, published, and available taxa, minimally the following distinct species (see Figures 3 & 5 in Fontanella et al. for lineage designations) are recognized by Joe Collins (CNAH): D. acricus, D. amabilis, D. arnyi, D. docilis, D. edwardsii, D. modestus, D. occipitalis, D. pulchellus, D. punctatus, D. regalis, D. stictogenys, D. texensis. The three specimens from Islas To- dos Santos were originally described as D. anthonyi and differ from snakes of the adjacent peninsula in that the body tends to be more stout or robust (Blanchard 1942) and the neck ring obscure with poorly defined edges (Van Den- burgh and Slevin 1923). Subsequent authors have consid- ered it to be D. punctatus [GRISMER 2002]. Taxonomy: Has been assigned to the family “Xenodontidae” by POTTS & COLLINS 2005 and other authors. Mimicry: Diadophis punctatus mimicks Micrurus elegans (TORRE-LORANCA et al. 2006). Reproduction: oviparous.
References	Allen, Morrow J. 1932. A survey of the Amphibians and reptiles of Harrison County, Mississippi American Museum Novitates (542): 1-20 - get paper here Ashton, R.E., Jr., and Ashton, P.S. 1982. Handbook of reptiles and amphibians of Florida. Pt. I. Snakes. Windward PubI., Inc., Miami: 176 pp. Auth, David L.;Scott, Chris 1996. Geographic Distribution. Diadophis punctatus acricus Herpetological Review 27 (1): 33 Baird, S. F. and C. Girard. 1853. Catalogue of North American Reptiles in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Part 1.-Serpents. Smithsonian Inst., Washington, xvi + 172 pp. Barbour, Thomas 1919. Herpetological notes. Proc. New England zool. Club 7: 7-13 - get paper here Barts, M. 2006. Herpetologische Beobachtungen im US-Bundesstaat Oklahoma. Reptilia (Münster) 11 (61): 43-50 - get paper here Blanchard, Frank N. 1923. Comments on ring-neck snakes (Genus Diadophis), with diagnoses of new forms. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan (142): 1-9 Blanchard, Frank N. 1930. Further studies of the eggs and young of the eastern ring-neck snake, Diadophis punctatus edwardsii Bulletin of the Antivenin Institute of America 4 (1): 4-10 Blanchard, Frank N.;Gilreath, M. Ruth;Blanchard, Frieda Cobb 1979. The Eastern ring-neck snake (Diadophis punctatus edwardsii) in Northern Michigan (Reptilia, Serpentes, Colubridae) Journal of Herpetology 13 (4): 377-402 - get paper here Blanchard, Frank Nelson 1942. The ring-neck snakes, genus Diadophis Bulletin of the Chicago Academy of Sciences 7 (1): 1-144 Bocourt, M. F 1886. In A. Duméril, M. F. Bocourt, and F. Mocquard, (1870-1909), Etudes sur les reptiles, p. i-xiv, 1-1012. In Recherches Zoologiques pour servir a l'Histoire de Ia Faune de l'Amérique Centrale et du Mexique. Mission Scientifique au Mexique et dans l'Amér Imprimerie Imper., Paris, Vol. 3 Bogosian, Victor; Eric C. Hellgren, and Raymond W. Moody 2012. Assemblages of Amphibians, Reptiles, and Mammals on an Urban Military Base in Oklahoma. The Southwestern Naturalist 57 (3): 277-284. - get paper here Boundy, Jeff; Frank T. Burbrink, Jonathan A. Campbell, Brian I. Crother, Kevin de Queiroz, Darrel R. 2012. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Seventh Edition. SSAR, 101 pp. Burt, Charles E. 1933. A contribution to the herpetology of Kentucky. American Midland Naturalist 14 (6): 669-679 - get paper here Burt, Charles E. 1935. Further records of the ecology and distribution of amphibians and reptiles in the middle west American Midland Naturalist 16 (3): 311-336 - get paper here Cole, Charles C. 1965. The regal ringneck snake (Diadophis punctatus regalis Baird and Girard in Nuevo Leon, Mexico Herpetologica 21 (2): 156 - get paper here Collins, J.T. & Collins, S.L. 2009. A pocket guide to Kansas snakes, 2nd ed. Great Plains Nature Center, Wichita, 69 pp. Collins, J.T. & Collins, S.L. 2010. A pocket guide to Kansas snakes, 3rd ed. Great Plains Nature Center, Wichita, 69 pp. Conant, Roger 1938. The Reptiles of Ohio American Midland Naturalist 20 (1): 1-200 - get paper here Conant,R. & Collins,J.T. 1991. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern/Central North America, 3rd ed. Houghton Mifflin (Boston/New York), xx + 450 p. Cope, E.D. 1860. Catalogue of the Colubridae in the Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, with notes and descriptions of new species. Part II. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 12: 241-266 - get paper here Craven, S.R. & Knudsen, G.J. 1996. Snakes of Wisconsin. University of Wisconsin. Degenhardt, William G.; C. W. Painter, and A. H. Price 1996. Amphibians and reptiles of New Mexico. Univ. New Mexico Press, 431 pp. Dixon, James R. 2000. Amphibians and reptiles of Texas, second edition. Texas A&M University Press, 421 pp. Dixon, James R. and Julio A. Lemos-Espinal 2010. AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF THE STATE OF QUERETARO, MEXICO. Tlalnepantla UNAM, 428 pp. Dunn, E.R. 1920. Some reptiles and amphibians from Virginia, North Carolina, Tennesse, and Alabama. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 33: 129-137 - get paper here Elmberg, J. 1980. Herpetological observations 77-78 [in Vernon county, Wisconsin]. Fältbiologerna Umea. Enge, Kevin M. 2009. Venomous and non-venomous snakes of Florida. Publication of the Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission. 16 pp. Fitch, H. S. 1936. Amphibians and reptiles of the Rouge River Basin, Oregon American Midland Naturalist 17: 634-652 - get paper here Fontanella, Frank M.; Chris R. Feldman, Mark E. Siddall and Frank T. Burbrink 2008. Phylogeography of Diadophis punctatus: Extensive lineage diversity and repeated patterns of historical demography in a trans-continental snake Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 46 (3): 1049-1070 - get paper here Gehlbach, Frederick R. 1974. Evolutionary relations of southwestern ringeck snakes (Diadophis punctatus) Herpetologica 30 (2): 140-148 - get paper here Gordon, Deborah J. 1997. Geographic Distribution. Diadophis punctatus Herpetological Review 28 (1): 51-52 Green, N.B., & Pauley, T.K. 1987. Amphibians and reptiles in West Virginia Univ. of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, 241 pp. Gregory, P.T. 2004. Analysis of patterns of aggregation under cover objects in an assemblage of six species of snakes. Herpetologica 60 (2): 178-186 - get paper here Hunter, M.L., Jr., Albright, J., & Arbuckle, J., eds. 1992. The amphibians and reptiles of Maine. Maine Agric. Experiment Station, Orono, Bull. 838 188 pp. Irwin, Kelly J. 2004. Arkansas Snake Guide. Arkansas Game & Fish Commission, Little Rock, 50 pp. Jan, G. 1866. Iconographie générale des ophidiens. 15. Livraison. J.B. Bailière et Fils, Paris - get paper here Johnson, Jerry D. 1994. Diadophis punctatus arnyi (Prairie ringneck snake). USA: Texas Herpetological Review 25 (4): 166 Kennicott 1859. Notes on coluber calligaster of Say, and a description of a new species of Serpents in the collection of the north Western University of Evanston,Ill. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 11: 98-100 - get paper here King, Richard B.; Oldham, Michael J.; Weller, Wayne F.; Wynn, Douglas. 1997. Historic and current amphibian and reptile distributions in the Island Region of Western Lake Erie. American Midland Naturalist 138(1):153-173 - get paper here LeClere, Jeff 1994. Snakes of Minnesota: Ringneck snake (Diadophis punctatus) Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 14 (1): 11-13 Lemos-Espinal, Julio Alberto 2004. Anfibios y reptiles del estado de Chihuahua. Informe final del Proyecto AE003, UNAM, 70 pp. Linné, C. von [= Linnaeus, C.] 1766. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio duodecima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, Holmiae. 1-532 pp. Lönnberg, Einar 1894. Notes on reptiles and batrachians collected in Florida in 1892 and 1893 Proc. US Natl. Mus. 17 (1003): 317-339 - get paper here Lovich, J.E. & Jaworski, T.R. 1988. Annotated checklist of Amphibians and Reptiles reported from Cedar Bog, Ohio. Ohio J. Sci. 88 (4): 139-143 Mattison, Chris 2007. The New Encyclopedia of Snakes. Princeton University Press McCranie, J.R. & Wilson, L.D. 2001. The herpetofauna of the Mexican State of Aguascalientes. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 230: 1-57 Mecham, John S. 1956. The relationship between the ringneck snakes Diadophis regalis and D. punctatus. Copeia 1956 (1): 51-52 - get paper here Merrem, B. 1820. Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien I (Tentamen Systematis Amphibiorum). J. C. Kriegeri, Marburg, 191 pp. Meyers, Charles W. 1965. Biology of the ringneck snake, Diadophis punctatus, in Florida Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences 10 (2): 43-90 - get paper here Mitchell, J. C. & Reay, K.K. 1999. Atlas of amphibians and reptiles in Virginia. Specialty Publication 1, VA Dept of Game and Fisheries, 122 pp. - get paper here Mitchell, J.C. 1994. The reptiles of Virginia. Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, ca. 350 pp. Montgomery, Chad;Waldron, Kevin;Hobert, Justin;Donoho, Ron;Mackessy, Stephen P. 1996. Geographic Distribution. Diadophis punctatus arnyi Herpetological Review 27 (1): 33 Myers, Charles W. 1965. Biology of the ringneck snake, Diadophis punctatus, in Florida Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences 10 (2): 43-90 - get paper here Nussbaum, R.A., Brodie, E.D., Jr., & Storm, R.M. 1983. Amphibians and reptiles of the Pacific Northwest Univ. Press of Idaho, Moscow 332 pp. Palmer, W.M. & Braswell, A.L. 1995. Reptiles of North Carolina. Univ. North Carolina Press Parker, William S.;Brown, William S. 1974. Notes on the biology of regal ringneck snakes (Diadophis punctatus regalis) in northern Utah. Journal of Herpetology 8 (3): 260-262 - get paper here Paul, J. R. 1967. Integradation among ring-necked snakes in southeastern United States The Journal of the Eliha Mitchell Scientific Society 83 (2): 98-102 Paulson 1966. Quaterly J. Florida Acad. Sci. 29 (4): 296 [1968 Pinou,T. 1995. Geographic variation of serum albumin in the monotypic snake genus Diadophis (Colubridae: Xenopeltinae) Journal of Herpetology 29 (1): 105-110 - get paper here Potts, George D. & Joseph T. Collins 2005. A CHECKLIST OF THE VERTEBRATE ANIMALS OF KANSAS. Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, 50 pp. Presnall, C. C. 1937. Herpetological notes from Zion National Park Copeia 1937 (4): 232 - get paper here Pyron, R.Alexander; Frank T. Burbrink 2009. Neogene diversification and taxonomic stability in the snake tribe Lampropeltini (Serpentes: Colubridae) Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 52 (2): 524-529 - get paper here Schlüter, U. 2012. Ringhalsnattern (Diadophis punctatus) im Terrarium. Reptilia (Münster) 17 (96): 68-75 - get paper here Schmidt, Dieter 2012. Giftbisse von giftigen und „harmlosen“ Schlangen. Teil 1. Terraria Elaphe 2012 (2): 78-82 - get paper here Schwartz,A. & Henderson,R.W. 1991. Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 720 pp. Smith, Hobart M.;Leonard, Arthur B. 1934. Distributional records of reptiles and amphibians in Oklahoma. American Midland Naturalist 15: 190-196 - get paper here Snyder, Richard C. 1945. Notes on the snakes of southeastern Alabama. Copeia 1945 (3): 173-174 - get paper here Stebbins,R.C. 1985. A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians, 2nd ed. Houghton Mifflin, Boston Stejneger,L.H. 1893. Annotated list of the reptiles and batrachians collected by the Death Valley Expedition in 1891, with descriptions of new species. North American Fauna, No. 7: 159-228 (+ 14 plates + 4 maps) - get paper here Stokely, Paul S.;Kuchan, Frank 1962. A record of Diadophis punctatus edwardsi (Merrem) from Jefferson County, Ohio Ohio Journal of Science 62 (2): 100 Torre-Loranca, M.A. de la; Aguirre-León, G. & López-Luna, M.A. 2006. Coralillos verdaderos (Serpentes: Elapidae) y Coralillos falsos (Serpentes: Colubridae) de Veracruz, México. Acta Zool. Mex. 22 (3): 11-22 Trauth, Stanley E. 1996. Subspecific recognition in Arkansas ringneck snakes (Diadophis punctatus) Proceedings of the Arkansas Academy of Science 50: 145-147 Ustach, Paul C. 1997. Geographic Distribution. Diadophis punctatus. Arizona Herpetological Review 28 (3): 159 Van Denburgh, J.; Slevin, J. R. 1923. Preliminary diagnoses of four new snakes from Lower California, Mexico. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (4) 13 (1): 1-2 - get paper here Vázquez Díaz, Joel;Quintero Díaz, Gustavo E. 2005. Anfibios y Reptiles de Aguascalientes [2nd ed.]. CONABIO, CIEMA, 318 pp. Wilgers, D.J.; Horne, E.A.; Sandercock, B.K. & Volkmann, A.W. 2006. Effects of rangeland management on community dynamics of the herpetofauna of the Tall-grass Prairie [Flint Hills, Kansas/Oklahoma]. Herpetologica 62 (4): 378-388 - get paper here Woodbury, Angus Munn 1928. The reptiles of Zion National Park. Copeia 1928 (166): 14-21 - get paper here Wright, A. H., & Wright, A. A. 1957. Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada 1. Constable, London, xviii + 564 pp.
External links	IUCN Red List - Diadophis punctatus - Least Concern, LC http://www.zo.utexas.edu/research/txherps/snakes/ http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/chordata/reptilia/squamata/colubridae.html http://www.wildherps.com/species/D.punctatus.html http://www.carolinanature.com/herps/nringnecksnake.html http://www.reptilesofaz.com/Snakes-Subpages/h-d-punctatus.html http://www.agfc.com/species/Pages/SpeciesWildlifePhotos.aspx Google images Profile of Diadophis punctatus on Reptarium

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