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Dipsas elegans (BOULENGER, 1896)

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesS: Caracolera subtropical 
SynonymLeptognathus elegans BOULENGER 1896: 452
Dipsas elegans — PARKER 1926: 206
Dipsas elegans — SMITH & TAYLOR 1945: 51
Dipsas elegans — PETERS 1960: 86
Dipsas elegans — PETERS 1965: 3
Dipsas elegans — MIYATA 1982: 16
Sibynomorphus elegans — AMARAL 1926: 9
Leptognathus maxillaris — AMARAL 1929: 29
Dipsas elegans — KOFRON 1982
Dipsas ellipsifera — KOFRON 1982
Dipsas oreas elegans — ORCÉS & ALMENDÁRIZ 1987
Dipsas elegans — CADLE 2005
Dipsas elegans — HARVEY et al. 2008
Dipsas elegans — WALLACH et al. 2014: 232 
DistributionEcuador (western versant of the Andes, inter-Andean valley of the upper Río Guayllabamba east of Quito)

Type locality: unknown, see comment.  
Reproductionoviparous (not imputed, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesHolotype: BMNH 1946. 1. 21. 77 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Dipsas elegans is characterized by a moderate number of ventrals (177–189 in eight males, 166–178 in five females) and subcaudals (94–105 in males, 68–88 in females). Its color pattern consists of 26 to 46 narrow dark dorsal bands which, except in small juveniles, have light centers. The bands have more or less vertical edges. The anterior five or six bands are broader than more posterior bands and are equivalent to, or broader than, the light interspaces. Posterior bands are narrower than the interspaces. (Cadle 2005)


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CommentSynonymy mostly after CADLE 2005.

Behavior: Dipsas elegans is nocturnal.

The type locality ‘‘Tehuantepec’’ [Mexico] is in error. The type locality was discussed by Kofron (1982), who concluded that the specimen must have come from Ecuador. The holotype was illustrated by Kofron (1982: Fig. 1). ORCÉS & ALMENDÁRIZ 1987: 139 unjustifiably inferred that Perucho (Pichincha Province) ‘‘could be considered the type locality (fide CADLE 2005).

Habitat: fully arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018). 
EtymologyThe name elegans (Latin) means tasteful, choice, fine, select or elegant and appears to refer to the color pattern or body shape. 
References
  • Amaral, A. do 1930. Estudos sobre ophidios neotropicos XVII. Valor systematico de varias formas de ophidios neotropicos. Mem. Inst. Butantan 4: 1-68 [1929] - get paper here
  • Amaral,A. do 1926. 2.a nota de nomenclatura Ophiologica. Sobre o emprego do nome generico Sibynomorphus em vez de ‘‘ Leptognathus’’, ‘‘Stremmatognathus’’, ‘‘Anholodon’’, etc. Revista do Museu Paulista 14: 7–9
  • Arteaga AF, Bustamante-Enríquez LM and Guayasamin JM 2013. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Mindo. http://www.tropicalherping.com - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1896. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum, Vol. 3. London (Taylor & Francis), xiv + 727 pp. - get paper here
  • Cadle, J. E. 2005. SYSTEMATICS OF SNAKES OF THE DIPSAS OREAS COMPLEX (COLUBRIDAE: DIPSADINAE) IN WESTERN ECUADOR AND PERU, WITH REVALIDATION OF D. ELEGANS (BOULENGER) AND D. ELLIPSIFERA (BOULENGER). Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 158 (3): 67-136 - get paper here
  • Carrera, C. et al. 2009. Guía de Campo de los Pequeños Vertebrados del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito (DMQ). Publicación Miscelánea N° 5. Serie de Publicaciones del Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales (MECN) – Fondo Ambiental del MDMQ. 1-89 pp. Imprenta Nuevo Arte. Quito-Ecuador.
  • Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here
  • Harvey, Michael B. 2008. New and Poorly Known Dipsas (Serpentes: Colubridae) from Northern South America. Herpetologica 64 (4): 422-451 - get paper here
  • Kofron, C.P. 1982. The identities of some dipsadine snakes: Dipsas elegans, D. ellipsifera and Leptognathus andrei. Copeia 1982 (1): 46-51 - get paper here
  • Miyata, K. 1982. A check list of the amphibians and reptiles of Ecuador, with a bibliography of Ecuadorian herpetology. Smithsonian Herp. Inf. Serv. (54): 70 pp. - get paper here
  • Orcés,V. & Almendáriz,A. 1987. Sistematica y distribución de las serpientes dipsadinae del grupo oreas. Politécnica, 12 (4):135-44
  • Parker, H. W. 1926. A new snake from Trinidad. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) 18: 205-207 - get paper here
  • Peters , J. A. 1960. The snakes of the subfamily Dipsadinae. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan (114): 224 pp. - get paper here
  • Peters, J.A. 1965. Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien. Colubridae (Dipsadinae). Das Tierreich Lfg. 81 18 pp.
  • Smith, Hobart M. & Taylor, Edward H. 1945. An annotated checklist and key to the snakes of Mexico. Bull. US Natl. Mus. (187): iv + 1-239 - get paper here
  • Torres-Carvajal O, Pazmiño-Otamendi G, Salazar-Valenzuela D. 2019. Reptiles of Ecuador: a resource-rich portal, with a dynamic checklist and photographic guides. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13 (1): [General Section]: 209–229 (e178) - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
 
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