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Dolichophis jugularis (LINNAEUS, 1758)

IUCN Red List - Dolichophis jugularis - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesDolichophis jugularis asianus (BOETTGER 1880)
Dolichophis jugularis jugularis (LINNAEUS 1758) 
Common NamesE: Large Whip Snake
G: Pfeilnatter, Jochnatter 
SynonymColuber jugularis LINNAEUS 1758: 225
Coluber jugularis cypriacus ZINNER 1972: 21
Coluber jugularis — KAHL et al. 1980: 232
Coluber jugularis — SCHÄTTI & WILSON 1986
Hierophis jugularis — SCHÄTTI 1988
Haemorrhois jugularis — WELCH
Hierophis jugularis — NAGY et al. 2004
Hierophis jugularis — KUMLUTAS et al. 2004
Dolichophis jugularis — NAGY et al. 2004
Coluber jugularis — THIEME 2005
Coluber (s.l.) jugularis — VENCHI & SINDACO 2006
Dolichophis jugularis — NAGY 2010 (pers. comm.)
Dolichophis jugularis zinneri CATTANEO 2012
Dolichophis jugularis zinneri — BÖHME 2014: 162
Dolichophis jugularis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 242
Dolichophis mesopotamicus AFRASIAB, MOHAMMAD & HUSSEIN 2016 (nom. dub.)
Dolichophis jugularis cypriacus — SCHNEIDER 2020
Dolichophis jugularis — TRAPE 2023: 171

Dolichophis jugularis asianus (BOETTGER 1880)
Zamenis viridiflavus var. asiana BOETTGER 1880: 151
Zamenis gemonensis asianus — BARBOUR 1914: 89
Zamenis gemonensis asianus — VENZMER 1919: 108
Zamenis gemonensis var. asianus — BOULENGER 1920
Coluber jugularis asianus — MÜLLER & WETTSTEIN 1933
Coluber jugularis asianus — SCHMIDT 1939
Coluber jugularis asianus — MIENIS 1986
Coluber jugularis asianus — DISI et al. 2004
Coluber jugularis asianus — AL-QURAN 2009
 
DistributionTurkey [O. Cetin, pers. comm.], Greece (Aegean islands, e.g. Agathonisi, Cyprus),
Israel, Syria, N Iraq, N Iran, Jordan, Lebanon, Kuwait

Type locality: “Aegypto”; restricted to SW Turkey, areas around Selcuk and Ephesus, by ZINNER 1972.

asianus: Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Israel; Type locality: not specifically given.

cypriacus: Cyprus

zinneri: Type locality: "Laerma': Rhodos Island, southern Dodekanes archipelago, Greece, elevation 300 m a.s.l.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: ZFMK 92945, formerly MAFR (Museum Adolphi Friderici Regis)
Lectotype: SMF 18189 (formerly 7397a) [asianus]
Holotype: NMW 15186:3 (fide Zinner 1972, but not listed in type catalogue by Tiedemann et al. 1994 nor Tiedemann & Grillitsch 1999) [cypriacus]
Holotype: ZFMK 92945. adult male, collected by A. CATTANEO. 27 May 2005; paratypes: CATTANEO private collection, Roma [zinneri] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (1192 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentSynonymy: Dolichophis mesopotamicus was described in a short paper with few details, fuzzy photos, and no DNA data. We requested more data from the authors but did not get any and hence decided to keep it as a nomen dubium for the time being until more information becomes available.

Subspecies: Dolichophis jugularis cypriacus (ZINNER 1972) was described in a thesis and is not generally recognized. A genetic lineage on Rhodos corresponds to Dolichophis jugularis zinneri (Javorčík et al. 2024).

Hybridization: D. caspius and D. jugularis may have hybridized in the past (Javorčík et al. 2024).

Distribution: Reported from Bulgaria, Romania, Albania, Yugoslavia, Hungary but unconfirmed. Not listed by ENGELMANN et al. (1993). For a map see Sindaco et al. 2013 and Bar et al. 2021. 
References
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