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Echinosaura panamensis BARBOUR, 1924

IUCN Red List - Echinosaura panamensis - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaGymnophthalmidae (Cercosaurinae), Sauria, Gymnophthalmoidea, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Panama Teiid 
SynonymEchinosaura panamensis BARBOUR 1924: 8
Echinosaura horrida panamensis — UZZELL 1965
Echinosaura horrida panamensis — PETERS et al. 1970: 112
Echinosaura panamensis — FRITTS et al. 2002
Echinosaura panamensis — KÖHLER et al. 2004
Echinosaura panamensis — YÁNEZ-MUÑOZ et al. 2021 
DistributionPanama, elevation 600 to 8,400 m

Type locality: Loma, Bocas del Toro Province, Panama.  
Reproductionoviparous (manual imputation, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesHolotype: MCZ 17746; paratypes: MCZ 
DiagnosisUnfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 1081 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentDistribution: see map in Vásquez-Restrepo & Daza 2025: 132 (Fig. 2) 
EtymologyNamed after the type locality. 
References
  • Barbour, T. & LOVERIDGE,A. 1929. Typical reptiles and amphibians in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. [type catalogue] Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harvard 69: 205-360 - get paper here
  • Barbour, Thomas 1924. Two noteworthy new lizards from Panama. Proc. New England zool. Club 9: 7-10
  • Barrio-Amorós, Cesar Luis, Michelle Quiroz, Cristian Porras-Ramírez, Rene Villanueva-Maldonado, Alejandro Estrada-García, Abel Batista 2023. Amphibians and reptiles encountered during an expedition to Panama. Reptiles & Amphibians 30 (1): e18359 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G. A. 1890. First report on additions to the lizard collection in the British Museum (Natural History). Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1890: 77—86 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, George A. 1911. Descriptions of new reptiles from the Andes of South America, preserved in the British Museum. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (8) 7 (37): 19-25 - get paper here
  • Carrera, C. et al. 2009. Guía de Campo de los Pequeños Vertebrados del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito (DMQ). Publicación Miscelánea N° 5. Serie de Publicaciones del Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales (MECN) – Fondo Ambiental del MDMQ. 1-89 pp. Imprenta Nuevo Arte. Quito-Ecuador.
  • Cortés Gómez, Angela María; Anyelet Valencia Aguilar, Diana Marcela Torres Domínguez, Lina María García Calderón, Diego Fernando Villaquirán Martínez, Andrea del Pilar Cáceres Franco, Fernando Castro Herrera 2010. Guía de los anfibios y reptiles. Área en conservación de la microcuenca Quebrada Pericos. [Valle de Cauca, Colombia]. Corporación Autónoma Regional del Valle del Cauca, Santiago de Cali: CVC, 37 pp. - get paper here
  • Dunn,E.R. 1944. Notes on Colombian herpetology, II. The lizard genus Echinosaura. Caldasia 2: 397-405 - get paper here
  • Fritts, Thomas H., Ana Almendáriz and Sissi Samec 2002. A new species of Echinosaura (Gymnophthalmidae) from Ecuador and Colombia with comments on other members of the genus and Teuchocercus keyi. Journal of Herpetology 36 (3): 349-355 - get paper here
  • Köhler, G. 2000. Reptilien und Amphibien Mittelamerikas, Bd 1: Krokodile, Schildkröten, Echsen. Herpeton Verlag, Offenbach, 158 pp.
  • Köhler, G. 2008. Reptiles of Central America. 2nd Ed. Herpeton-Verlag, 400 pp.
  • Köhler, G.; Böhme, W. & Schmitz, A. 2004. A new species of Echinosaura (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from Ecuador. Journal of Herpetology 38 (1): 52-60 - get paper here
  • Leviton, A. E., & ANDERSON, S. C. 1966. Further comments on the behavior of the Panamanian microteiid Echinosaura horrida. Herpetologica 22 (2):160. - get paper here
  • Lotzkat S, Wehrenberg G, Haas M, Köhler G 2021. Amphibians (Amphibia, Anura and Caudata) and reptiles (Reptilia, Squamata) from the headwaters of Río Guázaro on the Caribbean versant of Veraguas province, western Panama. Check List 17(6): 1541-1556 - get paper here
  • Ortega-Andrade, H. Mauricio 2006. Reptilia, Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae, Echinosaura horrida: distribution extension and new geographic distribution map for Ecuador. Check List 2 (3): 2-4 - get paper here
  • Uzzell, T. M. 1965. Teiid lizards of the genus Echinosaura. Copeia 1965 (1): 82-89. - get paper here
  • Vásquez-Restrepo, J. D., & Daza, J. M. 2025. A new species of hedgehog-lizard of the genus Echinosaura (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from Colombia and Panama with a reevaluation of the conservation status of the genus. Zootaxa 5583(1): 128-142 - get paper here
  • Werner,F. 1916. Bemerkungen über einige niedere Wirbeltiere der Anden von Kolumbien mit Beschreibungen neuer Arten. Zool. Anz. 47: 301-311 (in 2 parts) - get paper here
  • Yánez-Muñoz MH, Torres-Carvajal O, Reyes-Puig JP, Urgiles-Merchán MA, Koch C. 2021. A new and very spiny lizard (Gymnophthalmidae: Echinosaura) from the Andes in northwestern Ecuador. PeerJ 9:e12523 - get paper here
  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
 
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