You are here » home advanced search search results Echis carinatus

Echis carinatus (SCHNEIDER, 1801)

Can you confirm these amateur observations of Echis carinatus?

Add your own observation of
Echis carinatus »

Find more photos by Google images search: Google images

Higher TaxaViperidae, Viperinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesEchis carinatus carinatus (SCHNEIDER 1801)
Echis carinatus sochureki STEMMLER 1969 
Common NamesE: Saw-scaled Viper, Phoorsa
E: Sindh Saw-scaled Viper [sochureki]
G: Sandrasselotter 
SynonymPseudoboa carinata SCHNEIDER 1801: 285
[Vipera (Echis)] carinata — MERREM 1820
Echis carinata — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1854: 1448
Echis carinatus — SMITH 1943: 487
Echis carinatus sinhaleyus DERANIYAGALA 1951: 148
Echis carinatus — HARDING & WELCH 1980
Echis multisquamatus CHERLIN 1981
Echis carinatus — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 376
Echis carinatus sinhaleyus — DAVID & INEICH 1999
Echis carinatus multisquamatus — DAVID & INEICH 1999
Echis multisquamatus — RASTEGAR-POUYANI et al. 2008
Echis carinatus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 255

Echis carinatus sochureki STEMMLER 1969
Echis carinatus SINDERSON 1924
Echis carinatus sochureki STEMMLER 1969
Echis carinatus astolae MERTENS 1970
Echis multisquamatus CHERLIN 1981 (fide POOK et al. 2009)
Echis sochureki — CHERLIN 1984
Echis carinatus sochureki — GASPERETTI 1988: 343
Echis sochureki sochureki — CHERLIN & BORKIN 1990
Echis (Turanechis) sochureki — CHERLIN 1990
Echis carinatus sochureki — WELCH 1994: 57
Echis sochureki — HERRMANN et al. 1999
Echis carinatus astolae — DAVID & INEICH 1999
Echis carinatus sochureki — DAVID & INEICH 1999
Echis sochureki — OKUDA et al. 2001
Echis carinatus sochureki — VAN DER KOOIJ 2001
Echis multisquamatus — ANANJEVA et al. 2004
Echis carinatus sochureki — DOBIEY & VOGEL 2007
Echis carinatus sochureki — AFRASIAB 2011
Echis carinatus astolae — KHAN 2017 
DistributionAfghanistan, Iran, India (Madhya Pradesh, Kerala, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Punjab, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Maharashtra (Salher, Marunji, probably all over) [A. Captain, pers. Comm.]), Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Oman, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan.

carinatus: peninsular India; no type locality available (fide LOVERIDGE 1936). Type locality (fide SCHMIDT 1939): “Arni” [= Aarni, Yavatmal, Maharashtra, India], (20.073345, 77.954673).

astolae: Astola Island off the coast of Pakistan; Type locality: “Insel Astola, Makranküste, West-Pakistan”

multisquamatus: Uzbekistan, NW Baluchistan in Pakistan northwest into Turkmenistan, SW Tajikistan, Afghanistan, E Iran

sinhaleyus: Sri Lanka

sochureki: N India (incl. Punjab [Dino Aulakh, pers. comm.]), Bangladesh, S Afghanistan, Pakistan, C Iran, S Iraq, United Arab Emirates, an isolated population in SE Arabian peninsula. Type locality: “West-Pakistan, Ban Kushdil Khan bei Pishin, Rand eines Stausees”.  
Reproductionovoviviparous (other species in the genus are oviparous, JOGER, pers. comm., 4 Dec 2012). 
TypesType: iconotype, based on pI. 2 ("Horatta Pam") in Russell, 1796, Acct. Indian Serp. 1: 2
Holotype: CAS 130648 [aliaborri]
Holotype: SMF 57356, female [astolae]
Holotype ZILlZISP 19059.1; 4, Paratype: ZFMK 37000, male [multisquamatus]
Holotype: NMSL 81/D [sinhaleyus]
Holotype: NMBA (also given as MBS) 17468, male; paratypes: SSW, MBS [sochureki] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (multisquamatus): E. c. multisquamatus is “separated from all other snakes of this genus by the large number of ventral (av. = 188.1), dorsal (av. = 37.1), and lateral scales (av. = 10.3). Moreover, it lacks enlarged scales over eyes. The light wavy stripes on the sides of the body are present and are not divided in separate arcs as in all other species of Echis. The white stripes on the back are transverse and narrow. There is a crosslike figure on the top of the head.” [from CHERLIN 1981].


Additional details (1282 characters) are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentVenomous! This is one of four common venomous snakes of medical importance in India. The others are Naja naja, Bungarus caeruleus, and Daboia russeli.

Distribution: listed for Sierra Leone by AYLMER 1922. Pauwels & Meirte (1996) cite Chabanaud (1917) who mentions Echis carinatus from Gambia. JOHANN (1981) reports C. carinatus from Algeria. See map in Burriel-Carranza et al. 2019 for map in UAE. In Qatar fide Wikipedia.

Synonymy: partly after MCDIARMID et al. 1999 and JOGER (pers. comm., 4 Dec 2012). Echis carinatus aliaborri DREWES & SACHERER 1974 has been referred to E. varia by CHERLIN & BORKIN 1990. CHERLIN 1984 and 1990 treats E. sochureki as valid species and erects the subgenus Turanechis for it. E. multisquamatus is considered as valid species by some authors (KHALIKOV, pers. comm.). Based on protein sequence data Okuda et al. (2001) suggest to elevate E. c. sochureki to species status. Klemmer 1963 synonymized sinhaleyus with carinatus; Sindaco et al. 2013: 197 confirmed that by calling sinhaleyus“ a doubtful subspecies”.

Subspecies: see synonymy.

Mimicry: STERNFELD (1910) reports mimicry of Echis carinatus by Dasypeltis scabra.

Type species: Pseudoboa carinata SCHNEIDER 1801: 285 is the type species of the genus Echis MERREM 1820.

Phylogenetics: for a recent phylogeny of this and related Viperinae see Šmíd & Tolley 2019.

NCBI taxonID: 93050 [multisquamatus] 
EtymologyNamed after Latin “carinatus” = keeled (like a ship).

The genus was named after Greek echis = viper. 
References
  • AFRASIAB, S. R. & AL-GANABI, M. I. 2011. Snake species rare or new to the herpetofauna of Iraq [Short Note]. Herpetozoa 24 (3/4) - get paper here
  • Ali, Waqas; Arshad Javid, Syed Makhdoom Hussain, Hamda Azmat and Ghazala Jabeen 2016. The Amphibians and Reptiles Collected from Different Habitat Types in District Kasur, Punjab, Pakistan. Pakistan J. Zool. 48(4): 1201-1204 - get paper here
  • Anderson, J. 1871. On some Indian reptiles. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1871: 149-211 - get paper here
  • Anderson, John 1901. A list of the reptiles and batrachians obtained by Mr. A. Blayney Percival in southern Arabia. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1901 (2): 137-152 - get paper here
  • Anderson, S. C. & A. E. Leviton 1969. Amphibians and reptiles collected by the Street expedition to Afghanistan, 1965. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (4) 37: 25-56 - get paper here
  • Anonymous 1890. The Echis carinata and its alleged antidote. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 5: 82-83 - get paper here
  • Arnold E N 1980. The scientific results of the Oman flora and fauna survey 1977 (Dhofar). The reptiles and amphibians of Dhofar, southern Arabia. JOURNAL OF OMAN STUDIES SPECIAL REPORT (No. 2): 273-332 - get paper here
  • Ashraf, Muhammad Rizwan; Nadeem, Asif; Smith, Eric Nelson; Javed, Maryam; Smart, Utpal; Yaqub, Tahir; Hashmi, Abu Saeed; Thammachoti, Panupong 2020. Molecular Phylogenetics of Saw-scaled Viper (Echis carinatus) from Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 52 (4): 1517-1524 - get paper here
  • Auffenberg, W. & Rehman, H. 1991. Studies on Pakistan Reptiles. Pt. 1. The genus Echis (Viperidae). Bull. Florida Mus. Nat. Hist. Biol. Sci. 35(5): 263-314.
  • Avadhani, R. 2005. Snakes of India. Reptilia (GB) (41): 32-37 - get paper here
  • Aylmer, G. 1922. The Snakes of Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone Studies 5: 7-37
  • Backhaus, D. 1972. Unterschiede in der Giftwirkung von Sandtasselottern (Echis carinatus) und Kettenvipern (Vipera russelii). Salamandra 8 (3-4): 177-178 - get paper here
  • Baig, KJ, Masroor, R., and Arshad, M. 2008. Biodiversity and ecology of the herpetofauna of Cholistan Desert, Pakistan. Russ. J. Herpetol. 15 (3): 193-205 - get paper here
  • Bauer, A.M. & Lavilla, E.O. (eds.) 2021. J. G. Schneider’s Historiae Amphibiorum: Herpetology at the Dawn of the 19th Century. SSAR, 848 pp. - get paper here
  • Begbie, Arundel 1908. Flying Snakes. J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 18: 919 - get paper here
  • Bhupathy, Subramanian & N. Sathishkumar 2013. Status of reptiles in Meghamalai and its environs, Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 5 (15): 4953-4961 - get paper here
  • Boettger, O. 1892. Mitteilung über eine Reptiliensendung von Aden in Süd-Arabien. Ber. Tät. Offenb. Ver. Nat., Offenbach, 29 - 32: 61-63 - get paper here
  • Böhme, Wolfgang 2014. Herpetology in Bonn. Mertensiella 21. vi + 256 pp. - get paper here
  • Bondarenko D. A., Ergashev U. H. 2022. Reptiles of the Southwestern Tajikistan desert plains: Spatial distribution, population density and communities structure. [in Russian] Current Studies in Herpetology 22 (1-2): 17 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1896. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum, Vol. 3. London (Taylor & Francis), xiv + 727 pp. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, George A. 1890. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. Taylor & Francis, London, xviii, 541 pp. - get paper here
  • Branford, H. 1913. Recovery from bite of Echis carinata. J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 23: 378 - get paper here
  • Burriel-Carranza B, Pedro Tarroso, Johannes Els, Andrew Gardner, Pritpal Soorae, Ahmed Ali Mohammed, Sai Ravi Krishna Tubati, Mohamed Mustafa Eltayeb, Junid Nazeer Shah, Héctor Tejero-Cicuéndez, Marc Simó-Riudalbas, Juan Manuel Pleguezuelos, Daniel F 2019. An integrative assessment of the diversity, phylogeny, distribution, and conservation of the terrestrial reptiles (Sauropsida, Squamata) of the United Arab Emirates. PLoS ONE 14(5): e0216273 - get paper here
  • Carranza S, Xipell M, Tarroso P, Gardner A, Arnold EN, Robinson MD, et al. 2018. Diversity, distribution and conservation of the terrestrial reptiles of Oman (Sauropsida, Squamata). PLoS One 13 (2): e0190389 - get paper here
  • Carranza, Salvador; Johannes Els; Bernat Burriel-Carranza 2021. A field guide to the reptiles of Oman. Madrid : Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 223 pp. [review in HR 53 (3): 531] - get paper here
  • Cherlin V A 1981. The new saw-scaled viper Echis multisquamatus sp. nov. from south-western and Middle Asia [in Russian]. TRUDY ZOOLOGICHESKOGO INSTITUTA AKADEMII NAUK SSSR 101: 92-95
  • Cherlin V A; Borkin L J 1990. Taxonomic revision of the snake genus Echis (Viperidae). 1. An analysis of the history of study and synonymy. TRUDY ZOOLOGICHESKOGO INSTITUTA 207: 175-192, 234.
  • Deraniyagala, P.E.P. 1951. Some new races of the snakes Eryx, Callophis, and Echis. Spolia Zeylanica, 26: 147-150
  • Deshmukh, Rahul V.; Sagar A. Deshmukh, Swapnil A. Badhekar, and Roshan Y. Naitame 2020. Snakes of Bhandara District, Maharashtra, Central India with notes on natural history. IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians 27 (1): 10–17 - get paper here
  • Dobiey, M. & Vogel, G. 2007. Venomous Snakes of Africa - Giftschlangen Afrikas. Edition Chimaira, Terralog 15, 150 pp. - get paper here
  • Duméril, A. M. C., Bibron, G. & DUMÉRIL, A. H. A., 1854. Erpétologie générale ou histoire naturelle complète des reptiles. Tome septième. Deuxième partie, comprenant l'histoire des serpents venimeux. Paris, Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret: i-xii + 781-1536 - get paper here
  • Dutta, S.K., M.V. Nair, P.P. Mohapatra and A.K. Mahapatra. 2009. Amphibians and reptiles of Similipal Biosphere Reserve. Regional Plant Resouce Centre, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India - get paper here
  • Egan, D. 2007. Snakes of Arabia. Motivate Publishing, Dubai, 208 pp.
  • Frynta,D. et al. 1997. Results of the Czech biological expedition to Iran. Part 1. Notes on the distribution of amphibians and reptiles. Acta Soc. Zool. Bohem. 61: 3-17
  • Ganesh S.R., Bubesh Guptha 2021. Herpetological diversity in the Central Eastern Ghats, Peninsular India. Journal of Animal Diversity 3 (3): 18-44 - get paper here
  • Ganesh, S.R.; A. Kalaimani, P. Karthik, N. Baskaran, R. Nagarajan & S.R.Chandramouli 2018. Herpetofauna of Southern Eastern Ghats, India – II From Western Ghats to Coromandel Coast. Asian Journal of Conservation Biology, July 2018. Vol. 7 No. 1, pp. 28-45 - get paper here
  • Ganesh, S.R.; S. Bhupathy, P. Karthik, G. Babu Rao & S. Babu 2020. Catalogue of herpetological specimens from peninsular India at the Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology & Natural History (SACON), India. JoTT 12 (9): 16123–16135 - get paper here
  • Gardner, A.S. 2009. Mapping the terrestrial reptile distributions in Oman and the United Arab Emirates. ZooKeys 31: 165–177 - get paper here
  • Gardner, A.S. 2013. The amphibians and reptiles of Oman and the UAE. Edition Chimaira, 480 pp.
  • Gasperetti,J. 1988. Snakes of Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 9: 169-450
  • Gebhart, J. 2013. Oman, quer durch`s Weihrauchland - ein Reisetagebuch. L@CERTIDAE (Eidechsen Online) 2013 [8]: 142-159 - get paper here
  • Geniez, Philippe 2018. Snakes of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. Princeton University Press, 384 pp. - get paper here
  • Hamid, H. N., Rais, M., Arif, M., & Noor, R. 2020. Amphibians and Reptiles of Sheikh Baddin National Park, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Diversity, Threats and Conservation Prospects. Pakistan J. Zool. 53(2): 1-4 - get paper here
  • Herrmann, H. W.; Joger, U.; Lenk, P. & Wink, M. 1999. Morphological and molecular phylogenies of viperines: conflicting evidence? Kaupia (Darmstadt) (8): 21-30 - get paper here
  • Hughes, B. 1976. Notes on African carpet vipers, Echis carinatus, Echis leucogaster and Echis ocellatus (Viperidae, Serpentes). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 83 (2): 359-371. - get paper here
  • Jablonski D, Regan JM, Holzheuser C, Farooqi J, Basit A, Masroor R 2019. Additional data to the herpetofauna of Afghanistan. Herpetozoa 32: 177-193 - get paper here
  • Jadhav, Pavan Laxmanrao; Shivaji P Chavan and Harshad Sudarshan Trimukhe 2018. Snake species diversity and their distribution in and around Nanded city, Maharashtra, India. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2018; 6(4): 1855-1860
  • Jamal, Qaisar; Muhammad Idrees, Saif Ullah, Muhammad Adnan, Farrah Zaidi, Qaiser Zaman, and Syed Basit Rasheed 2018. Diversity and Altitudinal Distribution of Squamata in Two Distinct Ecological Zones of Dir, A Himalayan Sub-Zone of Northern Pakistan. Pakistan J. Zool., vol. 50(5), pp 1835-1839 - get paper here
  • Jangid, Ashish Kumar; Ravi Kumar Sharma and Abhijit Das 2021. Annotated checklist with distribution summary of Snakes of Jawai Community Conservation Reserve, Rajasthan, India. Journal of Animal Diversity 3 (4): 1-13 - get paper here
  • Jigar, Solanki; Khare Rounak and Andhale Atmaram Vitthal 2022. CHECKLIST OF SNAKES FOUND IN MAVAL TALUKA, PUNE, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA. CIBTech Journal of Zoology 11: 182-192 - get paper here
  • Joger,U. & Courage,K. 1999. Are palearctic ‘rattlesnakes’ (Echis and Cerastes) monophyletic? Kaupia (Darmstadt) (8): 65-81
  • Johann, H. 1981. Herpetologische Eindrücke auf einer Reise durch die Sahara. Herpetofauna 3 (13): 17-21 - get paper here
  • Jongbloed, M. 2000. Field Guide to the reptiles and amphibians of the UAE - Wild about reptiles. Barkers Trident Communications, 116 pp.
  • Jooris, R. 1983. Breeding results: Echis carinatus pyramidum. Litteratura Serpentium 3 (6): 218-219 - get paper here
  • Kalki, Yatin; Chayant Gonsalves , Daniel B. Wylie , Karthik A. K. Sundaram and Tristan D. Schramer 2021. Annotated checklist of the snakes of Bengaluru Urban District, Karnataka, India with notes on their natural history, distribution, and population trends over the last 150 years. Journal of Animal Diversity 3 (2): 26-41 - get paper here
  • Kamali, Kamran 2020. A Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Iran. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (www.chimaira.de). 574 pp.
  • Kandamby, DharmaSri 1997. Herpetological types reposed in the National Museum Colombo, Sri Lanka. Lyriocephalus 3 (1): 31-33
  • Khan, M.S. 1983. Venomous terrestrial snakes of Pakistan. The Snake 15 (2): 101-105.
  • Khan, M.S. 2002. Die Schlangen Pakistans [English edition as “A Guide to the snakes of Pakistan”]. Edition Chimaira (Frankfurt am Main), 265 pp. [review in HR 34: 400, Russ J Herp 12: 79] - get paper here
  • Khanduri, S., Thirumurugan, V., CS, V., Chinnasamy, R., Das, A., & Talukdar, G. 2022. A note on opportunistic records of reptiles from the Moyar River Valley Landscape, Tamil Nadu, southern India. Journal of Animal Diversity 4 (4) - get paper here
  • Klemmer,K. 1963. Liste der rezenten Giftschlangen. Elapidae, Hydropheidae [sic], Viperidae und Crotalidae. In: Die Giftschlangen der Erde. Behringwerk-Mitteilungen, spec. Suppl., Marburg.
  • Kumar, K. Kishore and Muhamed Jafer Palot. 2008. On the occurrence of saw-scaled viper (Echis carinatus) at Peringavu Hills, Malappuram District, Kerala. Cobra II (1): 22-25.
  • Lehmann, Michael 1981. Literature: Haltung und Nachzucht von Echis carinatus leakeyi x Echis coloratus. Litteratura Serpentium 1 (2): 75-76 - get paper here
  • Leviton, Alan E. 1959. Report on a collection of reptiles from Afghanistan. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 29 (12): 445-463 - get paper here
  • Leviton,A.E.; Anderson,S.C.; Adler, K.; Minton,S.A. 1992. Handbook to Middle East Amphibians and Reptiles. SSAR, Oxford, Ohio (Contr. to Herpetol. No. 8), 1-252
  • Lillywhite, Harvey B. 2014. How Snakes Work: Structure, Function and Behavior of the World's Snakes. Oxford University Press, New York, 256 pp
  • Loveridge, A. 1936. African reptiles and amphibians in the Field Museum of Natural History. Zool. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Chicago, 22 (1): 1-122 - get paper here
  • Loveridge, Arthur 1929. East African reptiles and amphibians in the United States National Museum. Bull. US Natl. Mus. (151): 1-135 - get paper here
  • Madawala, Majintha; Thilina D Surasinghe, Anslem De Silva, Dinesh Gabadage, Madhava Botejue, Indika Peabotuwage, Dushantha Kandambi, Suranjan Karunarathna 2019. Reappraisal of Herpetofauna Recorded from Jaffna Peninsula in Northern Sri Lanka with Remarks on Conservation, Diversity, and Distribution. Russ. J. Herpetol. 26 (5): 247-260 - get paper here
  • Maheta, J., Thakor, R., Shankhala, P., Prajapati, D., Zala, A., Bharavad, L., ... & Patel, S. 2023. Updated checklist of snakes with the first record of Spalerosophis arenarius in Gujarat and range extensions of five fpecies of snakes in the northern region of Gujarat, India. Reptiles & Amphibians 30 (1): e18403 - get paper here
  • Major, F.F 1918. Exceptionally large Saw Scaled Viper (Echis carinata). J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 25: 308 - get paper here
  • Malhotra, A., Wüster, W., Owens, J. B., Hodges, C. W., Jesudasan, A., Ch, G., ... & Murray, K. A. 2021. Promoting co-existence between humans and venomous snakes through increasing the herpetological knowledge base. Toxicon: X, 100081 - get paper here
  • Mallow, D. Ludwig, D. & Nilson, G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Krieger, Malabar, Florida, 410 pp. [review in HR 35: 200, Reptilia 35: 74]
  • Manhas, Amit; Rajni Raina, and Ashwani Wanganeo 2018. Reptilian diversity of the Bhopal Region in the State of Madhya Pradesh in central India. IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians 25 (2): 104–114 - get paper here
  • Manzoor, U.; M. Z. Khan and M. Asif Iqbal 2019. DISTRIBUTION, STATUS AND CONSERVATION OF REPTILIAN FAUNA IN THE COASTAL AREAS OF KARACHI WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MARINE TURTLES. The J. Anim. Plant Sci. 29(6): - get paper here
  • Martin T, Guillemin M, Nivet-Mazerolles V, Landsmann C, Dubos J, Eudeline R, and Stroud J. 2017. The herpetofauna of central Uzbekistan. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 11(1) [General Section]: 93–107 - get paper here
  • Masroor, R. 2012. A Contribution to the Herpetology of Northern Pakistan. SSAR, Ithaca [review in JoTT 4(6): 2670] - get paper here
  • McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp.
  • Mebs, D. & F. Kornalik 1981. Schlangengiftseren - Probleme ihrer Wirksamkeit, untersucht am Beispiel von Echis carinatus (Reptilia: Serpentes: Viperidae). Salamandra 17 (3-4): 89-98 - get paper here
  • MERTENS, R. 1970. Die Amphibien und Reptilien West-Pakistans. 1. Nachtrag. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, 216: 1-5 - get paper here
  • Millard, W.S. 1905. Food of Snakes in captivity. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 16: 758 - get paper here
  • Mirza, Z.B. 2012. Understanding the Snakes. Wildlife of Pakistan 1 (1): 6-10
  • Mohammed, M. R. and U. H. Yousif 2019. Morphometric and meristic characteristics of Echis carinatus (Schneider 1801) inhabiting Al-Qadisiyah Governorate, Iraq. MARSH BULLETIN 15 (2): 83-87 - get paper here
  • Mukherjee A.K. 2021. The 'Big Four’ Snakes of India. Springer, Singapore - get paper here
  • Murthy, T.S.N. 2010. The reptile fauna of India. B.R. Publishing, New Delhi, 332 pp.
  • Nilson,G. & Andren,C. 1981. Die Herpetofauna des Kavir-Schutzgebietes, Kavir-Wüste, Iran. Salamandra 17 (3-4): 130-146 - get paper here
  • Okuda, Daiju; Chihiro Nozaki, Fujio Sekiya, and Takashi Morita 2001. Comparative Biochemistry of Disintegrins Isolated from Snake Venom: Consideration of the Taxonomy and Geographical Distribution of Snakes in the Genus Echis. J. Biochem. 129: 615-620 - get paper here
  • O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here
  • Palot, M.J. 2015. A checklist of reptiles of Kerala, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 7(13): 8010–8022 - get paper here
  • Pandya M, Raval K, Sasikumar K, Tyagi S, Rawtani D. 2022. A retrospective assessment of the diversity of Venomous and Non-venomous snakes in the Valsad region of Southern Gujarat. Species, 2022, 23(71), 132-140 - get paper here
  • Parmar, Dikansh S. and Shantilal K. Tank 2019. Herpetofauna of Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, India. IRCF 26 (1): 21–34 - get paper here
  • Patel, Harshil; and Raju Vyas 2019. Reptiles of Gujarat, India: Updated Checklist, Distribution, and Conservation Status. Herpetology Notes 12: 765-777 - get paper here
  • Patel, Harshil; Raju Vyas, Bhautik Dudhatra, Vaibhav Naik, Ashish Chavda, Devendra Chauhan, Amit Vaghashiya, Ramesh Vagadiya and Pranav Vaghashiya 2019. Preliminary report on Herpetofauna of Mount Girnar, Gujarat, India. Journal of Animal Diversity 1 (2): 9–35 - get paper here
  • Patel, Harshil; Raju Vyas, Vaibhav Naik, Bhautik Dudhatra & Shantilal K. Tank 2018. Herpetofauna of the Northern Western Ghats of Gujarat, India. Zoology and Ecology, DOI: 10.1080/21658005.2018.1499237 - get paper here
  • Pauwels, O. & Meirte,D. 1996. Contribution to the knowledge of the Gambian herpetofauna. British Herpetological Society Bulletin (56): 27-34 - get paper here
  • Phelps, T. 2010. Old World Vipers. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 558 pp. [critical review in Sauria 33 (3): 19 and HR 43: 503]
  • Pook, Catharine E.; Ulrich Joger, Nikolaus Stümpel, Wolfgang Wüster 2009. When continents collide: Phylogeny, historical biogeography and systematics of the medically important viper genus Echis (Squamata: Serpentes: Viperidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 53 (3): 792-807 - get paper here
  • Pouyani, N. R., Fathinia, B., & Rastegar-pouyani, E. 2021. Ecomorphological Study of Scales in Some Genera of the Viperid and Colubrid Snakes (Ophidia: Viperidae: Colubridae). Authorea Preprints - get paper here
  • Radhakrishnan, C. 1997. Occurrence of Saw scaled viper, Echis carinatus (Schneider) (Viperidae: Serpentes: Squamata: Reptilia) in Trichur district, Kerala. Cobra 30: 13-15
  • Rais, Muhammad; Ayesha Akram, Syeda Maria Ali, Muhammad Arslan Asadi, Misbah Jahangir, Muhammad Jawad Jilani, <br>and Maqsood Anwar 2015. Qualitative Analysis of Factors Influencing the Diversity and Spatial Distribution of Herpetofauna in Chakwal Tehsil (Chakwal District), Punjab, Pakistan. Herp. Cons. Biol. 10 (3) - get paper here
  • Rajabizadeh, M. 2018. Snakes of Iran. [in Farsi] Tehran: Iranshenasi, 496 pp. [2017 ?] - get paper here
  • RASTEGAR-POUYANI, NASRULLAH; HAJI GHOLI KAMI, MEHDI RAJABZADEH, SOHEILA SHAFIEI AND STEVEN CLEMENT ANDERSON 2008. Annotated Checklist of Amphibians and Reptiles of Iran. Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics 4 (1): 7-30
  • Ravichandran, B. & Manju Siliwal 2010. Snakes of Rameshwaram. Reptile Rap (9): 2-4 - get paper here
  • Rhadi F. A., Rastegar-Pouyani N., Karamiani R., Mohammed R.G. 2015. First record and range extension of Saw Scaled Vper, Echis carinatus sochureki Stemmler, 1969 (Squamata: Viperidae), from AL-Basra, Southern Iraq. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 9 (2): 6–9 - get paper here
  • Rhadi, Fadhel Aabbas;Rihab Ghaleb Mohammed, Nasrullah Rastegar-Pouyani,Eskandar Rastegar-Pouyani, Seyyed Saeed Hosseinian Yousefkhani 2017. On the Snake Fauna of Central and Southern Iraq and Some Zoogeographic Remarks. Russ. J. Herpetol. 24 (4): 251-266 - get paper here
  • Rhadi, Fadhil Abbas; Eskandar Rastegar-Pouyani, Nasrullah Rastegar-Pouyani, Rihab Ghaleb Mohammed & Seyyed Saeed Hosseinian Yousefkhani 2016. Phylogenetic affinities of the Iraqi populations of Saw-scaled vipers of the genus Echis (Serpentes: Viperidae), revealed by sequences of mtDNA genes. Zoology in the Middle East 62 (3): 1-7 - get paper here
  • Russell, P. 1796. An account of Indian serpents collected on the coast of Coromandel, containing descriptions and drawings of each species, together with experiments and remarks on their several poisons. George Nicol, London, 90 pp. - get paper here
  • Sahi D.N., Koul S. 2020. Annotated List of Amphibians and Reptiles of Jammu and Kashmir State. In: Dar G. & Khuroo A. (eds) Biodiversity of the Himalaya: Jammu and Kashmir State. Topics in Biodiversity and Conservation, vol 18. Springer, Singapore - get paper here
  • Saikia, U.; Sharma, D.K. & Sharma, R.M. 2007. Checklist of the Reptilian fauna of Himachal Pradesh, India. Reptile Rap (8): 6-9 - get paper here
  • Salunkhe, Rajendra Vishnu 2023. Snakes of Indapur: Diversity and Awareness. Bhumi Publishing, ISBN: 978-93-88901-31-4 - get paper here
  • SANDERS, KATE L.; ARNE R. RASMUSSEN, JOHAN ELMBERG, MUMPUNI, MICHAEL GUINEA, PETER BLIAS, MICHAEL S.Y. LEE & BRYAN G. FRY 2012. Aipysurus mosaicus, a new species of egg-eating sea snake (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae), with a redescription of Aipysurus eydouxii (Gray, 1849). Zootaxa 3431: 1–18 - get paper here
  • Savanur, A., Aishwarya, S. J., Goravara, P., Goranavar, D., Katti, A., & Ganesh, C. B. 2024. A study on herpetofaunal diversity and status in Savadatti, Belagavi District Karnataka, India. ZOO'S PRINT, 39(7): 10-13
  • Schmidt,K.P. 1939. Reptiles and amphibians from Southwestern Asia. Publ. Field Mus. nat. Hist., zool. Ser., 24: 49-92 - get paper here
  • Schneider, JOHANN GOTTLOB 1801. Historiae Amphibiorum naturalis et literariae. Fasciculus secundus continens Crocodilos, Scincos, Chamaesauras, Boas. Pseudoboas, Elapes, Angues. Amphisbaenas et Caecilias. Frommanni, Jena. 374 pp. - get paper here
  • Sharma, R. C. 1976. Records of the reptiles of Goa. Records Zool. Survey India 71 (1975): 149-167. - get paper here
  • Sharma, R. C. 2004. Handbook Indian Snakes. AKHIL BOOKS, New Delhi, 292 pp.
  • Shehzad, M., Ullah, F., Khan, S. N., Majid, A., Rais, M., Khan, M. A., ... & Khan, S. 2023. Squamate Fauna of Southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Tank and Lakki Marwat Districts), Pakistan. Pakistan J. Zool. 2023: 1-7 - get paper here
  • Shestopal A. A., Shcherbina A. A. 2024. Distribution of reptiles in Northwestern Turkmenistan. [in Russian] Current Studies in Herpetology 24 (1-2): 102 - get paper here
  • Shestopal A., Amanov A., Ovezov T. 2021. An overview of reptiles from the Kaplankyr Nature Reserve and adjacent territories. [in Russian] Proc. Inst. Zool., Kazakhstan, pp. 105-126 - get paper here
  • Silva, A., de Alwis, T., Wijesekara, S., & Somaweera, R. 2023. Minimising misidentification of common medically important snakes of Sri Lanka in the hospital setting. Revised version: 17.07.2023 Published: 25.07.2023 - get paper here
  • Sindaco, R.; Alberto Venchi & Cristina Grieco 2013. The Reptiles of the Western Palearctic, Volume 2: Annotated Checklist and Distributional Atlas of the Snakes of Europe, North Africa, Middle East and Central Asia, with an Update to Volume 1. Edizioni Belvedere, Latina (Italy), 543 pp. - get paper here
  • Singh J, Dutta S.K., Singh H 2021. Herpetofauna of Punjab: The Field Guide. New Era Book Agency, Chandigarh, 82 pp.
  • Smith, M.A. 1943. The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. 3 (Serpentes). Taylor and Francis, London. 583 pp.
  • Steindachner, Franz 1903. Batrachier und Reptilien von Südarabien und Sokotra, gesammelt während der südarabischen Expedition der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Sitzungsb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, math.-naturwiss. Kl., 112, Abt. 1: 7-14 - get paper here
  • Stemmler, Basel Von Othmar 1971. Zur Haltung von Echis carinatus leakeyi Stemmler und Sochurek 1969, der Kenya-Sandrasselotter (Reptilia, Serpentes). Der Zoologische Garten (N. F.) 40 (4/5): 200-210
  • Stemmler, O. 1969. Die Sandrasselotter aus Pakistan, Echis carinatus sochureki subsp. nov. Aquaterra 6: 118-125 - get paper here
  • Stemmler, O. 1970. Ober den Geburtsvorgarng bei einer Sandrasselotter (Echis carinatus). Salamandra 6 (1-2): 18-25 - get paper here
  • Stemmler-Gyger, O. 1965. Zur Biologie der Rassen von Echis carinatus (Schneider) 1801. Salamandra 1 (1-2): 29-46 - get paper here
  • Sternfeld, R. 1910. Zur Schlangenfauna Deutsch-Südwestafrikas. Mehrere Fälle von Mimikry bei afrikanischen Schlangen. Mitt. zool. Mus. Berlin, 5: 51-60 - get paper here
  • Šmíd, Jiří;, & Krystal A. Tolley 2019. Calibrating the tree of vipers under the fossilized birth-death model. Scientific Reports 9:5510 - get paper here
  • Thakur, Sanjay 2011. A note on snakes of Kanha National Park and surrounding areas. Reptile Rap (11): 2-4 - get paper here
  • Tinkle, Donald W.;Gibbons, J. Whitfield 1977. The distribution and evolution of viviparity in reptiles. Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan (154): 1-55 - get paper here
  • Todehdehghan F, Salemi A and Fathinia B 2019. Identification key for Echis snakes (Serpents: Viperidae) of the East, South East, and South West of Iran. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 7(1): 1180-1185 - get paper here
  • Torki, F. 2009. Einige ökologische und biologische Aspekte von Echis carinatus sochureki STEMMLER, 1969, mit Anmerkungen zur wahrscheinlichen Ausbreitung der Gattung Echis MERREM, 1820, in Südwest-Asien [English /German]. Sauria 31 (1): 33-37 - get paper here
  • van der Kooij, Jeroen 2001. The herpetofauna of the Sultanate of Oman: Part 4: The terrestrial snakes. Podarcis 2 (2): 54-65 - get paper here
  • Visvanathan, A., Anne, S., Kolli, A. K., & Vangari, S. M. 2022. Snakes of Telangana: An annotated checklist with new locality records and notes on natural history. Reptiles & Amphibians, 29(1), 279-285 - get paper here
  • VYAS, R. & V. PRAJAPATI 2010. Notizen zu Reptilien aus den Salher Hills, Nord - Sahyadri, Bundesstaat Maharashtra, Indien. Sauria 32 (4): 70-74 - get paper here
  • Vyas, Raju 2007. Herptofauna of Puma Wildlife Sanctuary, Gujarat, India. Reptile Rap (8): 10-15 - get paper here
  • Vyas, Raju 2007. Present conservation scenario of reptile fauna in Gujarat State, India. Indian Forester, Oct 2007: 1381-1394 - get paper here
  • Vyas, Raju 2011. Reptilian diversity in and around the Shoolpaneshwar Wildlife Sanctuary, Gujarat, India. Reptile Rap (11): 5-15 - get paper here
  • Vyas, Raju 2013. Snake diversity and voluntary rescue practice in the cities of Gujarat State, India: an evaluation. Reptile Rap (15): 27-39 - get paper here
  • Vyas, Raju; B.M. Parasharya & J.J. Jani 2012. Herpetofaunal diversity in and around the selected man-made wetlands of central and northern Gujarat, India. Reptile Rap (14): 21–26 - get paper here
  • Wall, F. 1906. The poisonous snakes of India and how to recognize them, Part II. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 17: 299-334 - get paper here
  • Wall, F. 1913. Notes on a gravid Echis carinata. J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 23: 377 - get paper here
  • Wall,F. 1908. A Popular Treatise on the Common Indian Snakes, Part VII. The Saw-scaled Viper or Echis (Echis carinata) and the Gamma or Common Brown Tree-Snake (Dipsadomorphus trigonatus). J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 18: 525-554 - get paper here
  • Wall,F. 1908. Notes on a collection of snakes from Persia. J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 18: 795-805 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Whitaker, A.H. 1985. Hoplodactylus kahutarae n. sp. (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) from the Seaward Kaikoura Range, Marlborough, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 11: 259-270 (1984) - get paper here
  • Whitaker, Romulus and Ashok Captain 2004. Snakes of India. Draco Books, 500 pp., reprinted 2007 - get paper here
  • Young, L.C.H. 1905. Size of Snakes. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 16: 504 - get paper here
  • Zeeb, Sven 2012. Die Wirkung von Schlangengiften auf die Blutgerinnung und ihre Nutzung in der medizinischen Therapie und Diagnostik. Draco 13 (51): 58-66 - get paper here
 
External links  
Is it interesting? Share with others:

As link to this species use URL address:

https://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Echis&species=carinatus

without field 'search_param'. Field 'search_param' is used for browsing search result.



Please submit feedback about this entry to the curator