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Elaphe anomala (BOULENGER, 1916)

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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesChinese: 赤峰锦蛇 
SynonymColuber anomalus BOULENGER 1916: 243
Elaphe schrenckii anomala POPE 1935
Elaphe schrenki [sic] besenbruchi MÜLLER 1923
Elaphe maculata MA & ZONG 1984
Elaphe schrencki anomala — SCHULZ 1996: 237
Elaphe anomala — HELFENBERGEWR 2001
Elaphe anomala — UTIGER et al. 2002
Elaphe anomala — TREU 2008
Elaphe anomala — WALLACH et al. 2014: 261 
DistributionChina, Inner Mongolia

Type locality: “Chihfeng (= Chifeng Shi), NE Chihli Province, now part of Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolia).

“from Shansi, Shantung [= Shandong], Hopei, Jehol and part of Korea” (POPE 1935).

maculata: China (Jiangsu); Type locality: Dafeng, Jiangsu, China.

besenbruchi: China (Shangtung); Type locality: “Tsingtau (Prov. Shangtung), China”  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesType: BMNH 1946.1.13.1 (and possibly additional specimens).
Holotype: ZSM 533/1911 (erroneously given as 553/1911 in the original description), subadult male, collected by Besenbruch, 1910 [besenbruchi] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (1445 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentSynonymy: partly after Zhao & Adler (1993). 
References
  • Ananjeva, NB, Orlov NL; Khalikov RG; Darevsky IS; Ryabov IS & Barabanov AV 2006. The Reptiles of North Eurasia. Taxonomic Diversity, Distribution, Conservation Status [this comprises the territory of the former Soviet Union and Mongolia]. Pensoft Series Faunistica 47, 250 pp.
  • Boettger, O. 1898. Katalog der Reptilien-Sammlung im Museum der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Frankfurt/M. 2.Teil (Schlangen). [type catalogue] Frankfurt/M (Gebr. Knauer), i-ix + 1-160. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1916. Description of a new snake of the genus Coluber from northern China. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 17: 243-244 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, George A. 1890. A list of the reptiles and batrachians of Amoorland [Russia]. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 5: 137-144 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, George A. 1894. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume II., Containing the Conclusion of the Colubridæ Aglyphæ. British Mus. (Nat. Hist.), London, xi, 382 pp. - get paper here
  • Helfenberger, Notker 2001. Phylogenetic relationship of Old World Ratsnakes based on visceral organ topography, osteology, and allozyme variation. Russ. J. Herpetol. (Suppl.): 1-56 - get paper here
  • Lenk, P.; Joger, U. & Wink, M. 2001. Phylogenetic relationships among European ratsnakes of the genus Elaphe Fitzinger based on mitochondrial DNA sequence comparisons. Amphibia-Reptilia 22 (3): 329-339 - get paper here
  • Ma J; Zong Y 1984. A new species of the genus Elaphe - Elaphe maculata [in Chinese]. Acta Herpetologica Sinica 3 (3): 59-60 - get paper here
  • Pope, CLIFFORD H. 1935. The Reptiles of China. Turtes, Crocodilians, Snakes, Lizards. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York, Nat. Hist. Central Asia, 10: lii, 1-604 - get paper here
  • Qi, S., Shi, J. S., Ma, Y. B., Gao, Y. F., Bu, S. H., Grismer, L. L., Li, P.P. & Wang, Y. Y. 2021. A sheep in wolf's clothing: Elaphe xiphodonta sp. nov.(Squamata, Colubridae) and its possible mimicry to Protobothrops jerdonii. ZooKeys 1048: 23-47 - get paper here
  • Schilt, J. van der 1982. Een Elaphe-"wonder" [An Elaphe-"miracle"]. Litteratura Serpentium 2 (3): 110-111 - get paper here
  • Schmidt, D. & Kunz, K. 2005. Ernährung von Schlangen. Natur und Tier Verlag, Münster, 159 pp. - get paper here
  • Schneeweiss, N. 1989. Herpetologische Beobachtungen in der Ussuri-Taiga, Ferner Osten - UdSSR. Salamandra 25 (3-4): 191-202 - get paper here
  • Schulz, K. D. 1996. Eine Monographie der Schlangengattung Elaphe Fitzinger. Bushmaster, Berg (CH): 1-460
  • Schulz, Klaus-Dieter 1996. A monograph of the colubrid snakes of the genus Elaphe Fitzinger. Koeltz Scientific Books, 439 pp.
  • Shannon, F.A. 1956. The reptiles and amphibians of Korea. Herpetologica 12 (1): 22-49 - get paper here
  • Stejneger, LEONHARD H. 1907. Herpetology of Japan and adjacent territory. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 58: xx, 1-577 - get paper here
  • Strauch,A. 1873. Die Schlangen des Russischen Reichs, in systematischer und zoogeographischer Beziehung. Mém Acad. Sci. Pétersbourg (7) 11 (4): 1-288 - get paper here
  • Treu, Bruno 2008. Amurnattern Elaphe schrenckii & Elaphe anomala. Natur und Tier Verlag, Münster, 64 pp. - get paper here
  • Trutnau, L. 2000. Die Amurnatter Elaphe schrencki (Strauch, 1873) - eines Schlangenschönheit aus dem östlichen Asien. Herpetofauna 22 (128): 11-18 - get paper here
  • Utiger, Urs, Notker Helfenberger, Beat Schätti, Catherine Schmidt, Markus Ruf and Vincent Ziswiler 2002. Molecular systematics and phylogeny of Old World and New World ratsnakes, Elaphe Auct., and related genera (Reptilia, Squamata, Colubridae). Russ. J. Herpetol. 9 (2): 105-124. - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Wang, Kai; Jinlong Ren, Hongman Chen, Zhitong Lyu, Xianguang Guo Ke Jiang, Jinmin Chen, Jiatang Li, Peng Guo, Yingyong Wang, Jing Che 2020. The updated checklists of amphibians and reptiles of China. Biodiversity Science 28 (2): 189-218 - get paper here
  • Wang, Y.Q.; Zhou, K.Y.; Xu, L.S.; Yang, G.; Xu, G.J. 1999. The Evolutionary Relationships of Several Colubrid Snakes Suggested by Sequence Analysis of Cyt b Gene Fragment. Acta Zoologica Sinica 45:332-338
  • Winchell, S. 2003. Die vielfältige Welt chinesischer Schlangen. Reptilia (Münster) 8 (44): 20-29 - get paper here
  • Winchell, S. 2003. The wide world of snakes in China. Reptilia (GB) (31): 12-21 - get paper here
  • Zhao, E.M. 2006. The snakes of China [in Chinese]. Hefei, China, Anhui Sience & Technology Publ. House, Vol. I, 372 pp., Vol. II (color plates), 280 pp.
  • Zhao,E. & Adler,K. 1993. Herpetology of China. SSAR, Oxford/Ohio, 1-522
 
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