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Elaphe sauromates (PALLAS, 1811)

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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Blotched rat snake, Sarmatian Rat Snake, Eastern Four-lined Ratsnake
G: Östliche Vierstreifennatter
Russian: Палласов полоз 
SynonymColuber sauromates PALLAS 1811: 42 (fide BOULENGER 1894)
Coluber xanthogaster ANDRZEJOWSKI 1832: 333
Coluber cereus DWIGUBSKY 1832: 27
Coluber fulvus DWIGUBSKY 1832: 27
Elaphe parreysi FITZINGER in WAGLER 1833
Coluber thaeniothys FISCHER 1837: 145
Tropidonotus sauromates — EICHWALD 1841: 111
Elaphis Sauromates — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1854: 288
Elaphis sauromates — GÜNTHER 1888: 170
Coluber quatuorlineatus sauromates — WERNER 1899: 376
Elaphe quatuorlineata sauromates — SCHULZ 1996: 215
Elaphe quatuorlineata sauromates — STOEV 2000
Elaphe sauromates — HELFENBERGER 2001
Elaphe sauromates — LENK et al. 2001
Elaphe sauromates — UTIGER et al. 2002
Elaphe sauromates — KWET & TRAPP 2015
Elaphe sauromates — WALLACH et al. 2014: 263
Elaphe sauromates — MEIRI et al. 2019
Elaphe sauromatus — TSELLARIUS 2021 (in error) 
DistributionTurkey, NE Greece, E Bulgaria, Ukraine, Romania, Moldova, Moldavia, S Ukraine, W Kazakhstan, S Russia (between Caspian and Black Sea)

Type locality: restricted to Isthmus near Perekop, Tauria, Ukraina by Mertens & Müller (1928)  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: unlocated (Mertens & Müller 1928) 
Diagnosis 
CommentType species: Elaphe parreysi FITZINGER in WAGLER 1833 (= Elaphe sauromates) is the type species of the genus Elaphe FITZINGER in WAGLER 1833. Elaphe is feminine in gender.

Distribution: not in Iraq fide Habeeb & Rastegar-Pouyani 2016. Populations from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, and Iraq are now E. urartica. See map in Jablonski et al. 2019: 4 (Fig. 1). For maps see Sindaco et al. 2013, Bar et al. 2021, and Jablonski et al. 2023: 3 (Fig. 1A).

Synonymy mostly after HELFENBERGER 2001.

Habitat: partly arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018). 
References
  • Akhmedenov K. M., Bakiev A. G. 2023. New finds of Elaphe sauromates (Pallas, 1814) (Colubridae, Reptilia) in Kazakhstan. Current Studies in Herpetology 23 (3): 129 - get paper here
  • Akhmedenov, K., & Shpigelman, M. 2021. New data on reptiles and birds in the North Ustyurt. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 817, No. 1, p. 012002). IOP Publishing - get paper here
  • Akman, B., Çakmak, M., & Yıldız, M.Z. 2020. On the Herpetofauna of the Central Anatolian Province of Kırıkkale (Turkey) (Amphibia; Reptilia). Acta Biologica Turcica, 33(2): 70-79
  • Akman, B.; M. Z. Yildiz et al. 2018. On the herpetofauna of the East Anatolian Province of Bitlis (Turkey) (Amphibia; Reptilia). Herpetozoa 31 (1/2): 69 - 82 - get paper here
  • Arakelyan, Marine S.; Felix D. Danielyan, Claudia Corti, Roberto Sindaco, and Alan E. Leviton 2011. The Herpetofauna of Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh. SSAR, Salt Lake City, 154 pp. [ISBN: 978-0-916984-84-7.]
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  • Helfenberger, Notker 2001. Phylogenetic relationship of Old World Ratsnakes based on visceral organ topography, osteology, and allozyme variation. Russ. J. Herpetol. (Suppl.): 1-56 - get paper here
  • Hraoui-Bloquet, S.; Sadek, R.A.; Sindaco, R. & Venchi, A. 2002. The herpetofauna of Lebanon: new data on distribution. Zoology in the Middle East 27: 35-46 - get paper here
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  • Kamali, Kamran 2020. A Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Iran. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (www.chimaira.de). 574 pp.
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  • Lenk, P.; Joger, U. & Wink, M. 2001. Phylogenetic relationships among European ratsnakes of the genus Elaphe Fitzinger based on mitochondrial DNA sequence comparisons. Amphibia-Reptilia 22 (3): 329-339 - get paper here
  • Meiri, Shai; Amos Belmaker, Daniel Berkowic, Kesem Kazes, Erez Maza, Guy Bar-Oz and Roi Dor 2019. A checklist of Israeli land vertebrates. Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution - get paper here
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  • Petrov B. P., N. Tzankov, H. Strijbosch, G. Popgeorgiev, V. Beshkov 2006. The herpetofauna (Amphibia and Reptilia) of the Western Rhodopes mountain (Bulgaria and Greece). In: Beron P. (ed.). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, pp. 863-912
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