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Elapsoidea nigra GÜNTHER, 1888

IUCN Red List - Elapsoidea nigra - Endangered, EN
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Higher TaxaElapidae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Black Garter Snake 
SynonymElapsoidea nigra GÜNTHER 1888: 332
Elapechis niger — BOULENGER 1896
Elapsoidea sundevallii nigra — LOVERIDGE 1944: 225
Elapsoidea nigra — WELCH 1994: 61
Elapsoidea nigra — BROADLEY & HOWELL 1991: 23
Elapsoidea nigra — GOLAY et al. 1993: 134
Elapsoidea nigra — DOBIEY & VOGEL 2007
Elapsoidea nigra — WALLACH et al. 2014: 267
Elapsoidea nigra — SPAWLS et al. 2018: 547 
DistributionNE Tanzania (Usambara, Magrotto and Uluguru Mountains), Kenya (Shimba Hills fide S. Spawls, on Facebook)

Type locality: Ushambola, Zanzibar = Usambara Mts., Tanzania (fide BROADLEY & HOWELL 1991)  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: BMNH 1946.1.18.95 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (1132 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentVenomous! Not dangerous to man, as the venom is very weak (Broadley 2003)

Distribution: see map in Broadley 1971: 600 (Fig. 4). 
EtymologyNamed after Latin niger, nigra, nigrum = black or dark, referring to the dark color of the species (although only older adults may be entirelly black or dark). 
References
  • Broadley, D. G. & HOWELL, K. M. 1991. A check list of the reptiles of Tanzania, with synoptic keys. Syntarsus 1: 1—70
  • Dobiey, M. & Vogel, G. 2007. Venomous Snakes of Africa - Giftschlangen Afrikas. Edition Chimaira, Terralog 15, 150 pp. - get paper here
  • Golay,P, H.M. SMITH, D.G. BROADLEY, J. R. DIXON, C., MCCARTHY, J. C. RAGE, B. SCHÀTTI & M.TORIBA 1993. Endoglyphs and other major venomous snakes of the world. A checklist. [type catalogue] Aire-Genève, Azemiops S. A. Herpetological Data Center: i-xv + 1-478.
  • Günther,A. 1888. Contribution to the knowledge of snakes of tropical Africa. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 1: 322-335 - get paper here
  • Jakobsen A. 1997. A review of some East African members of the genus Elapsoidea Bocage with the description of a new species from Somalia and a key for the genus (Reptilia, Serpentes, Elapidae). Steenstrupia 22: 59-82.
  • Loveridge,A. 1944. Further revisions of African snake genera. Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harvard 95 (2): 121-247 - get paper here
  • Malonza, Patrick K.; David M. Mulwa, Joash O. Nyamache, Georgina Jones 2017. Biogeography of the Shimba Hills ecosystem herpetofauna in Kenya. Zoological Research 38(5): 1-11 - get paper here
  • Menegon, Michele; Nike Doggart, Nisha Owen 2008. The Nguru mountains of Tanzania, an outstanding hotspot of herpetofaunal diversity. Acta Herpetologica 3 (2): 107-127
  • O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here
  • Rasmussen,J.B. 1981. The snakes from the rainforest of the Usambara Mountains, Tanzania: a checklist and key. Salamandra 17 (3-4): 173-188 - get paper here
  • Rovero, F., Menegon, M., Fjeldså, J., Collett, L., Doggart, N., Leonard, C., Norton, G., Owen, N., Perkin, A., Spitale, D., Ahrends, A., Burgess, N. D. 2014. Targeted vertebrate surveys enhance the faunal importance and improve explanatory models within the Eastern Arc Mountains of Kenya and Tanzania. Diversity and Distributions. doi: 10.1111/ddi.12246 - get paper here
  • Spawls, S., Branch, B. 1995. The Dangerous Snakes of Africa. Blandford, London, 192 pp.
  • Spawls, Steve; Kim Howell, Harald Hinkel, Michele Menegon 2018. Field Guide to East African Reptiles. Bloomsbury, 624 pp. - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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