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Elapsoidea nigra GÜNTHER, 1888

IUCN Red List - Elapsoidea nigra - Endangered, EN
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Higher TaxaElapidae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Black Garter Snake 
SynonymElapsoidea nigra GÜNTHER 1888: 332
Elapechis niger — BOULENGER 1896
Elapsoidea sundevallii nigra — LOVERIDGE 1944: 225
Elapsoidea nigra — WELCH 1994: 61
Elapsoidea nigra — BROADLEY & HOWELL 1991: 23
Elapsoidea nigra — GOLAY et al. 1993: 134
Elapsoidea nigra — DOBIEY & VOGEL 2007
Elapsoidea nigra — WALLACH et al. 2014: 267
Elapsoidea nigra — SPAWLS et al. 2018: 547 
DistributionNE Tanzania (Usambara, Magrotto and Uluguru Mountains), Kenya (Shimba Hills fide S. Spawls, on Facebook)

Type locality: Ushambola, Zanzibar = Usambara Mts., Tanzania (fide BROADLEY & HOWELL 1991)  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: BMNH 1946.1.18.95 
Diagnosis 
CommentVenomous!

Distribution: see map in Broadley 1971: 600 (Fig. 4). 
EtymologyNamed after Latin niger, nigra, nigrum = black or dark, referring to the dark color of the species (although only older adults may be entirelly black or dark). 
References
  • Broadley, D. G. & HOWELL, K. M. 1991. A check list of the reptiles of Tanzania, with synoptic keys. Syntarsus 1: 1—70
  • Dobiey, M. & Vogel, G. 2007. Venomous Snakes of Africa - Giftschlangen Afrikas. Edition Chimaira, Terralog 15, 150 pp. - get paper here
  • Golay,P, H.M. SMITH, D.G. BROADLEY, J. R. DIXON, C., MCCARTHY, J. C. RAGE, B. SCHÀTTI & M.TORIBA 1993. Endoglyphs and other major venomous snakes of the world. A checklist. [type catalogue] Aire-Genève, Azemiops S. A. Herpetological Data Center: i-xv + 1-478.
  • Günther,A. 1888. Contribution to the knowledge of snakes of tropical Africa. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 1: 322-335 - get paper here
  • Jakobsen A. 1997. A review of some East African members of the genus Elapsoidea Bocage with the description of a new species from Somalia and a key for the genus (Reptilia, Serpentes, Elapidae). Steenstrupia 22: 59-82.
  • Loveridge,A. 1944. Further revisions of African snake genera. Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harvard 95 (2): 121-247 - get paper here
  • Malonza, Patrick K.; David M. Mulwa, Joash O. Nyamache, Georgina Jones 2017. Biogeography of the Shimba Hills ecosystem herpetofauna in Kenya. Zoological Research 38(5): 1-11 - get paper here
  • Menegon, Michele; Nike Doggart, Nisha Owen 2008. The Nguru mountains of Tanzania, an outstanding hotspot of herpetofaunal diversity. Acta Herpetologica 3 (2): 107-127
  • O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here
  • Rasmussen,J.B. 1981. The snakes from the rainforest of the Usambara Mountains, Tanzania: a checklist and key. Salamandra 17 (3-4): 173-188 - get paper here
  • Rovero, F., Menegon, M., Fjeldså, J., Collett, L., Doggart, N., Leonard, C., Norton, G., Owen, N., Perkin, A., Spitale, D., Ahrends, A., Burgess, N. D. 2014. Targeted vertebrate surveys enhance the faunal importance and improve explanatory models within the Eastern Arc Mountains of Kenya and Tanzania. Diversity and Distributions. doi: 10.1111/ddi.12246 - get paper here
  • Spawls, S., Branch, B. 1995. The Dangerous Snakes of Africa. Blandford, London, 192 pp.
  • Spawls, Steve; Kim Howell, Harald Hinkel, Michele Menegon 2018. Field Guide to East African Reptiles. Bloomsbury, 624 pp. - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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