Elapsoidea nigra GÜNTHER, 1888

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Higher Taxa	Elapidae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Black Garter Snake
Synonym	Elapsoidea nigra GÜNTHER 1888: 332 Elapechis niger — BOULENGER 1896 Elapsoidea sundevallii nigra — LOVERIDGE 1944: 225 Elapsoidea nigra — WELCH 1994: 61 Elapsoidea nigra — BROADLEY & HOWELL 1991: 23 Elapsoidea nigra — GOLAY et al. 1993: 134 Elapsoidea nigra — DOBIEY & VOGEL 2007 Elapsoidea nigra — WALLACH et al. 2014: 267 Elapsoidea nigra — SPAWLS et al. 2018: 547
Distribution	NE Tanzania (Usambara, Magrotto and Uluguru Mountains), Kenya (Shimba Hills fide S. Spawls, on Facebook) Type locality: Ushambola, Zanzibar = Usambara Mts., Tanzania (fide BROADLEY & HOWELL 1991)
Reproduction	oviparous
Types	Holotype: BMNH 1946.1.18.95
Diagnosis	Additional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (1132 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details.
Comment	Venomous! Not dangerous to man, as the venom is very weak (Broadley 2003) Distribution: see map in Broadley 1971: 600 (Fig. 4).
Etymology	Named after Latin niger, nigra, nigrum = black or dark, referring to the dark color of the species (although only older adults may be entirelly black or dark).
References	Broadley, D. G. & HOWELL, K. M. 1991. A check list of the reptiles of Tanzania, with synoptic keys. Syntarsus 1: 1—70 Dobiey, M. & Vogel, G. 2007. Venomous Snakes of Africa - Giftschlangen Afrikas. Edition Chimaira, Terralog 15, 150 pp. - get paper here Golay,P, H.M. SMITH, D.G. BROADLEY, J. R. DIXON, C., MCCARTHY, J. C. RAGE, B. SCHÀTTI & M.TORIBA 1993. Endoglyphs and other major venomous snakes of the world. A checklist. [type catalogue] Aire-Genève, Azemiops S. A. Herpetological Data Center: i-xv + 1-478. Günther,A. 1888. Contribution to the knowledge of snakes of tropical Africa. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 1: 322-335 - get paper here Jakobsen A. 1997. A review of some East African members of the genus Elapsoidea Bocage with the description of a new species from Somalia and a key for the genus (Reptilia, Serpentes, Elapidae). Steenstrupia 22: 59-82. Loveridge,A. 1944. Further revisions of African snake genera. Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harvard 95 (2): 121-247 - get paper here Malonza, Patrick K.; David M. Mulwa, Joash O. Nyamache, Georgina Jones 2017. Biogeography of the Shimba Hills ecosystem herpetofauna in Kenya. Zoological Research 38(5): 1-11 - get paper here Menegon, Michele; Nike Doggart, Nisha Owen 2008. The Nguru mountains of Tanzania, an outstanding hotspot of herpetofaunal diversity. Acta Herpetologica 3 (2): 107-127 O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here Rasmussen,J.B. 1981. The snakes from the rainforest of the Usambara Mountains, Tanzania: a checklist and key. Salamandra 17 (3-4): 173-188 - get paper here Rovero, F., Menegon, M., Fjeldså, J., Collett, L., Doggart, N., Leonard, C., Norton, G., Owen, N., Perkin, A., Spitale, D., Ahrends, A., Burgess, N. D. 2014. Targeted vertebrate surveys enhance the faunal importance and improve explanatory models within the Eastern Arc Mountains of Kenya and Tanzania. Diversity and Distributions. doi: 10.1111/ddi.12246 - get paper here Spawls, S., Branch, B. 1995. The Dangerous Snakes of Africa. Blandford, London, 192 pp. Spawls, Steve; Kim Howell, Harald Hinkel, Michele Menegon 2018. Field Guide to East African Reptiles. Bloomsbury, 624 pp. - get paper here Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information Google images

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