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Enyalioides groi DUNN, 1933

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Higher TaxaHoplocercidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Gro’s manticores, Dunn's Spinytail Iguana
S: mantícoras de Gro 
SynonymMorunasaurus groi DUNN 1933
Morunasaurus groi — PETERS & DONOSO-BARROS 1970: 204
Morunasaurus groi — CORREDOR & RENJIFO 1985
Morunasaurus groi — KÖHLER 2000: 82
Morunasaurus groi — TORRES-CARVAJAL et al. 2011
Enyalioides groi — TORRES-CARVAJAL et al. 2023 
DistributionPanama, NW Colombia (Antioquia), 700-805 m elevation.

Type locality: Valle de San Antón, Panama [8°36'N, 80°7'W]  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: MCZ 34875 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus): Morunasaurus can be distinguished from Hoplocercus by having a tail that is roughly circular (rather than depressed) in cross section and longer than the body (i.e., tail length > SVL). It differs from both Hop- locercus and Enyalioides in having projecting scales (spines) on thigh, shin, and pes (projecting scales also present in E. heterolepis, but not as spines); a dentary bone extending posteriorly above the anterior surangular foramen (Wiens & Etheridge 2003), and in lacking a parietal eye. Morunasaurus also differs from Enyalioides in that the posterior whorl of each caudal segment is composed of greatly enlarged, projecting, spinous scales at least two times as large as the scales of the immediately anterior whorl [from TORRES-CARVAJAL et al. 2011].


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CommentType Species: Morunasaurus groi DUNN 1933 is the type species of the genus Morunasaurus DUNN 1933, now a synonym of Enyalioides. Note that Torres-Carvajal et al. 2023 retain Morunasaurus as a clade name, containing only the species E. (M.) groi.

Synonymy: Morunasaurus nests within Enyalioides, hence Torres-Carvajal et al. 2023 synonymized Morunasaurus with Enyalioides. However, they also erected a new clade name, Zimiamviasaurus, to include Enyalioides (Zimiamviasaurus) annularis (O’Shaughnessyi 11) and Enyalioides (Zimiamviasaurus) peruvianus. 
EtymologyNamed after Lord Gro, a fictional character in E. R. Eddison's 1922 fantasy novel The Worm Ouroboros.

The genus Morunasaurus was named after Morna Moruna, the name of a fictional land in E. R. Eddison’s (1922) fantasy novel The Worm Ouroboros (Dunn 1933) + the Greek sauros = lizard, reptile. 
References
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Corredor,V. & Renjifo,J.M. 1985. Discovery of Morunasaurus groi DUNN (Sauria: Iguanidae) in Northwestern Colombia. Journal of Herpetology 19 (1): 162-164 - get paper here
  • Dunn,E.R. 1933. Amphibians and reptiles from El Valle de Antón, Panamá. Occ. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 8: 65-79.
  • Köhler, G. 2000. Reptilien und Amphibien Mittelamerikas, Bd 1: Krokodile, Schildkröten, Echsen. Herpeton Verlag, Offenbach, 158 pp.
  • Köhler, G. 2003. A new species of Morunasaurus from Peru (Reptilia, Squamata, Hoplocercidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 82 (1/2): 235-242
  • Köhler, G. 2008. Reptiles of Central America. 2nd Ed. Herpeton-Verlag, 400 pp.
  • Páez, V.P. et al. 2002. Guía de campo de algunas especies de anfibios y reptiles de Antioquia. Universidad de Antioquia, - get paper here
  • Peters, James A. & Donoso-Barros, Roberto 1970. Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata: Part II. Lizards and Amphisbaenians. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 297: 293 pp. - get paper here
  • Torres-Carvajal, Omar & Kevin de Queiroz 2009. Phylogeny of hoplocercine lizards (Squamata: Iguania) with estimates of relative divergence times. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 50 (1): 31-43 - get paper here
  • Torres-Carvajal, Omar; Fernanda P. Werneck, Igor Yuri Fernandes & Kevin de Queiroz 2023. Spiny tails and Clades: A Fully Sampled phylogeny of hoplocercine lizards (Iguanidae/ Hoplocercinae) and its taxonomic and nomenclatural Implications. Bull. Phylogenet. Nom. 001 (1): 00–02 - get paper here
  • Torres-Carvajal, Omar; RICHARD ETHERIDGE & KEVIN DE QUEIROZ 2011. A systematic revision of Neotropical lizards in the clade Hoplocercinae (Squamata: Iguania). Zootaxa 2752: 1–44 - get paper here
  • Vásquez-Restrepo, J. D. 2021. 35 years behind the scenes: range extension of the rare Gro’s manticore, Morunasaurus groi (Squamata, Hoplocercidae), in Colombia. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 61, e20216163-e20216163 - get paper here
  • Wiens, John J. and Richard E. Etheridge 2003. Phylogenetic relationships of Hoplocercid lizards: coding and combining meristic, morphometric, and polymorphic data using step matrices. Herpetologica 59 (3): 375-398 - get paper here
 
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