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Enyalioides oshaughnessyi (BOULENGER, 1881)

IUCN Red List - Enyalioides oshaughnessyi - Vulnerable, VU

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Higher TaxaHoplocercidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: red-eyed woodlizard, O'Shaughnessy's Dwarf Iguana
S: lagartijas de palo ojirrojas 
SynonymEnyalius oshaughnessyi BOULENGER 1881: 246
Enyalioides oshaughnessyi — BOULENGER 1885: 115
Enyalioides oshaughnessyi — PETERS & DONOSO-BARROS 1970: 115
Enyalioides oshaughnessyi — WIENS & ETHERIDGE 2003
Enyalioides oshaughnessyi — TORRES-CARVAJAL et al. 2011 
DistributionN Ecuador, S Colombia (incl. Valle del Cauca, West of the Andes)

Type locality: Ecuador.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: IRSNB (given as MRHN) 2009 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Enyalioides oshaughnessyi differs from other species of Enyalioides in having dorsal scales that are both homogeneous in size, and smooth or slightly keeled. Moreover, it is the only species of Enyalioides with a bright red iris in both sexes (but see Remarks) and a dark gular patch restricted to the inner aspect of the gular fold in males. Other species of Enyalioides have a copper, brown (various tones), or bronze iris, and a dark patch (absent in E. palpebralis and some specimens of E. praestabilis) on the outer aspect of the gular fold covering the throat [from TORRES-CARVAJAL et al. 2011]. 
CommentSynonymy that of PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970. Some populations previously identified as Enyalioides oshaughnessyi have been described as new species, e.g. E. altotambo.

Phylogenetics: Torres-Carvajal and de Queiroz (2009) found “E. oshaughnessyi” to be paraphyletic relative to E. touzeti based on three samples of “E. oshaughnessyi”. One of them corresponded to the paratype of Enyalioides altotambo, and was sister to a clade containing the sister taxa E. touzeti and E. oshaughnessyi. Torres-Carvajal et al. (2011) noted that the color of the iris in live specimens of “E. oshaughnessyi” from Alto Tambo was not bright red as in live specimens of “E. oshaughnessyi” from other localities and suggested that the two forms represented separate species. Nonetheless, these authors found no other differences between the two potential species and refrained from associating the name E. oshaughnessyi with one versus the other because the type locality data of E. oshaughnessyi is vague (“Ecuador”), and the color of the iris was not recorded in its original description (Boulenger 1881) [TORRES-CARVAJAL et al. 2015]. 
EtymologyNamed after A. W. E. O’Shaughnessy, herpetologist of the British Museum. 
References
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2, Second edition. London, xiii+497 pp. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, George A. 1881. Description of a new species of Enyalius in the Brussels Museum. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1881: 246-247 - get paper here
  • Castro-Herrera, F. & Vargas-Salinas, F. 2008. Anfibios y reptiles en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Biota Colombiana 9 (2): 251 - 277 - get paper here
  • Peters, James A. & Donoso-Barros, Roberto 1970. Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata: Part II. Lizards and Amphisbaenians. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 297: 293 pp. - get paper here
  • Torres-Carvajal O, Pazmiño-Otamendi G, Salazar-Valenzuela D. 2019. Reptiles of Ecuador: a resource-rich portal, with a dynamic checklist and photographic guides. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13 (1): [General Section]: 209–229 (e178) - get paper here
  • Torres-Carvajal O, Venegas PJ, de Queiroz K 2015. Three new species of woodlizards (Hoplocercinae, Enyalioides) from northwestern South America. ZooKeys 494: 107-132. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.494.8903 - get paper here
  • Torres-Carvajal, Omar; RICHARD ETHERIDGE & KEVIN DE QUEIROZ 2011. A systematic revision of Neotropical lizards in the clade Hoplocercinae (Squamata: Iguania). Zootaxa 2752: 1–44 - get paper here
  • Valencia-Zuleta A, Jaramillo-Martínez AF, Echeverry-Bocanegra A, Viáfara-Vega R, Hernández-Córdoba O, Cardona-Botero VE, Gutiérrez-Zúñiga J, Castro-Herrera F. 2014. Conservation status of the herpetofauna, protected areas, and current problems in Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 8 (2): 1–18 (e87) - get paper here
  • Venegas PJ, Torres-Carvajal O, Duran V, de Queiroz K 2013. Two sympatric new species of woodlizards (Hoplocercinae, Enyalioides) from Cordillera Azul National Park in northeastern Peru. ZooKeys 277: 69–90. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.277.3594 - get paper here
  • Wiens, John J. and Richard E. Etheridge 2003. Phylogenetic relationships of Hoplocercid lizards: coding and combining meristic, morphometric, and polymorphic data using step matrices. Herpetologica 59 (3): 375-398 - get paper here
 
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