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Eremias grammica (LICHTENSTEIN, 1823)

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Higher TaxaLacertidae, Eremiadinae, Sauria, Lacertoidea, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Reticulate Racerunner
Chinese: 网纹麻蜥 
SynonymLacerta grammica LICHTENSTEIN 1823
Podarcis grammica — WAGLER 1830
Scapteira grammica — WIEGMANN 1834
Scapteira grammica — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1839: 283
Eremias (Scapteira) grammica — LANTZ 1928: 117
Scapteira persica NIKOLSKY 1900
Eremias zarudnyi LANTZ 1928 (nom. nov. pro Scapteira persica)
Eremias grammica — LAMBERT 2002
Eremias grammica — SZCZERBAK 2003
Eremias grammica — ŠMÍD et al. 2014
Scapteira grammica — DAVLETBAKOV et al. 2016 
DistributionS Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, NE Iran, N Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan,
NW China (W Xinjiang)

Type locality: Karakumy Desert; Turkestan  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesLectotype: ZMB 1095 (designated by Shcherbak 1974), paralectotype: NMW 17244 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Lower nasal resting on 2 or 3 supralabials; subocular not bordering mouth; subdigital lamellae smooth, 20-22 under fourth toe, which has distinct fringe on lateral and medial sides, formed by complete row of sharply pointed scales; ungual lamellae of fingers and toes with prominent, flat lateral expansions; scales of flanks distinctly larger than those of back; broad plates on lower surface of lower leg not twice as broad as adjacent scales (Anderson 1999: 215, Figs. 97 and 98). 
CommentSynonymy partly after KHALIKOV & ANANJEVA (pers. comm.)

Distribution: See map in SMID et al. 2014 for distribution in Iran. 
References
  • ANANJEVA, NATALIA B.; KONSTANTIN D. MILTO, ANDREI V. BARABANOV, EVGENY A. GOLYNSKY 2020. An annotated type catalogue of amphibians and reptiles collected by Nikolay A. Zarudny in Iran and Middle Asia. Zootaxa 4722 (2): 101–128 - get paper here
  • Anderson, Steven C 1999. The lizards of Iran. Contributions to Herpetology Volume 15, Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Saint Louis, Missouri: i-vii, 1-442 [review in Copeia 2000 (4): 1144] - get paper here
  • Barashkina J.V. 1987. On the structure of home ranges of reticulate racerunner Eremias grammica in Eastern Kara Kum. Izv. AN Turk. SSR. Ser. Biol. Nauk, 1987, No1: 66-69 [in Russian]
  • Barashkina J.V., Kaplin V.G. 1987. Special features of food habits of reticulate racerunner Eremias grammica in Eastern Kara Kum. Biol. Nauki. 1987, No2: 40-44 [in Russian]
  • Bauer, Aaron M.;Günther, Rainer 1995. An annotated type catalogue of the lacertids (Reptilia: Lacertidae) in the Zoological Museum, Berlin. Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin 71 (1): 37-62 - get paper here
  • Brushko, Z.K. 1995. Lizards of desert regions of Kazakhstan. [in Russian] Kazakhstan National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Zoology, Almaty, 232 pp.
  • Chirikova M.A. 2007. Variability in the pholidosis of the head, preanal area and limbs in four species of the genus EREMIAS (REPTILIA, LACERTIDAE) in Kazakhstan and the surrounding region. [in Russian] Vestnik Kaz. Al-Farabi. Biology Series. Almaty 2 (32): 113-121
  • Chirikova M.A. 2021. Historical context and results of a study on Racerunners (Sauria, Lacertidae, Eremias) in Kazakhstan [in Russian] Proc. Inst. Zool., Kazakhstan, pp. 127-136 - get paper here
  • CHIRIKOVA, M. A., Y. A. ZIMA, M. V. PESTOV, AND V. A. TERENTYEV 2020. Biodiversity of the Herpetofauna of the Muyunkum Desert, Kazakhstan. Herpetological Review 51: 438-446.
  • Davletbakov, A. T.; L. A. Kustareva, D. A. Milko, A. N. Ostastshenko, S. S. Sagymbaev, S. A. Toropov, N. V. Trotchenko 2015. Genetical Fund Cadastre of Kyrgyz Republic. Vol. IV. Phylum Chordata (chordates). Bishkek, 128 p. + XXXVI color tables - get paper here
  • Dujsebayeva, T. N. (ed.) 2010. Short review of last changes in the checklist of amphibians and reptiles of Kazakhstan. [in Russian]. In: Dujsebayeva, T. N. (ed.) Herpetological Researches in Kazakhstan and adjacent countries, p. 37-52
  • Duméril, A. M. C. and G. Bibron. 1839. Erpétologie Générale on Histoire Naturelle Complète des Reptiles. Vol. 5. Roret/Fain et Thunot, Paris, 871 pp. - get paper here
  • Eremchenko, V.K. & Panfilov, A.M. 1999. Taxonomic situation of multiocellated racerunner of the Eremias multiocellata complex of Kyrgyzstan and neighbour China (Sauria: Lacertidae: Eremias). [in Russian] Science and New Technologies - Nauka i Novye Tekhnologii, Ser. Biol., 4: 112-124
  • Gemel, R.; G. Gassner & S. Schweiger 2019. Katalog der Typen der Herpetologischen Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien – 2018. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B 121: 33–248
  • Guo, Xianguang; Xin Daib, Dali Chen, Theodore J. Papenfuss, Natalia B. Ananjeva, Daniel A. Melnikov, Yuezhao Wang 2011. Phylogeny and divergence times of some racerunner lizards (Lacertidae: Eremias) inferred from mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene segments. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 61: 400–412 - get paper here
  • Kamali, Kamran 2020. A Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Iran. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (www.chimaira.de). 574 pp.
  • Kupriyanova, L. A. 1994. Structure, localization and stability of chromosomes in karyotype evolution in lizards of the Lacertidae family. Russ. J. Herpetol. 1 (2): 161-168 - get paper here
  • Lambert, M.R.K. 2002. Preliminary observations on herpetofaunal diversity in the Almaty region, Southern Kazakhstan (September 1998). Herpetological Bulletin (79): 7-13 - get paper here
  • Lantz,L.A. 1928. Les Eremias de l’Asia Occidentale. Bull. Mus. Géorgie vols. 4/5: 136 pp. - get paper here
  • Leviton, Alan E. 1959. Report on a collection of reptiles from Afghanistan. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 29 (12): 445-463 - get paper here
  • Liang T, Wang L and Shi L 2022. Sexual and natural selection interplay in sexual head shape dimorphism of two sympatric racerunners (Squamata: Lacertidae). Front. Ecol. Evol. 10:1016885 - get paper here
  • Lichtenstein, M. HINRICH C. 1823. Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss./ T. Trautwein, Berlin. x, 118 pages - get paper here
  • Lixia, Wan; Shihong, Sun; Yuanting, Jin; Yongfeng, Yan; Naifa, Liu 2007. Molecular phylogeography of the Chinese lacertids of the genus Eremias (Lacertidae) based on 16S rRNA mitochondrial DNA sequences. Amphibia-Reptilia 28 (1): 33-41 - get paper here
  • Martin T, Guillemin M, Nivet-Mazerolles V, Landsmann C, Dubos J, Eudeline R, and Stroud J. 2017. The herpetofauna of central Uzbekistan. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 11(1) [General Section]: 93–107 - get paper here
  • Mishagina J.V. 1991. Soil and litter invertebrates in diet of sandy desert lizards. Izv. AN Turk SSR. Ser. Biol.Nauk, 1991, No 5:59-62 [in Russian]
  • Mishagina J.V. 2008. Ecological groups of preys in Eastern Kara Kum psammobiont lizards, Eremias (Lacertidae) and Phrynocephalus (Agamidae). The Problems of Herpetology (Proceedings of the 3rd Meeting of the Nikolsky Herpetological Society). Saint-Petersburg, 2008, pp. 298-307 [in Russian] - get paper here
  • RASTEGAR-POUYANI, NASRULLAH; HAJI GHOLI KAMI, MEHDI RAJABZADEH, SOHEILA SHAFIEI AND STEVEN CLEMENT ANDERSON 2008. Annotated Checklist of Amphibians and Reptiles of Iran. Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics 4 (1): 7-30
  • Shcherbak, N. [= Szczerbak] 1974. Yashchurki palearktiki [Palearctic Desert Lizards]. Kiev, Naukova dumka, 296 pp.
  • Shestopal A., Amanov A., Ovezov T. 2021. An overview of reptiles from the Kaplankyr Nature Reserve and adjacent territories. [in Russian] Proc. Inst. Zool., Kazakhstan, pp. 105-126 - get paper here
  • Sindaco, R. & Jeremcenko, V.K. 2008. The reptiles of the Western Palearctic. Edizioni Belvedere, Latina (Italy), 579 pp. - get paper here
  • ŠMÍD, JIŘÍ; JIŘÍ MORAVEC, PETR KODYM, LUKÁŠ KRATOCHVÍL, SEYYED SAEED HOSSEINIAN YOUSEFKHANI, ESKANDAR RASTEGAR-POUYANI & DANIEL FRYNTA 2014. Annotated checklist and distribution of the lizards of Iran. Zootaxa 3855 (1): 001–097 - get paper here
  • Stakmakova V.A., Rzhepakovsky V.T. 1981. Phrynocephalus mystaceus and Eremias grammica as components of hilly sands of Eastern Kara Kum. Ekologiya 1981: 92-94 [in Russian]
  • Szczerbak, N.N. 2003. Guide to the Reptiles of the Eastern Palearctic. Krieger, Malabar, FL, 260 pp. - get paper here
  • Tzellarius, A. Y. 1977. A contribution to the ecology of Eremias grammica (Lacertidae, Sauria) in East Karakumy (in Russian). Zool. Zhur. 56, 224-231
  • Wang, Kai; Jinlong Ren, Hongman Chen, Zhitong Lyu, Xianguang Guo Ke Jiang, Jinmin Chen, Jiatang Li, Peng Guo, Yingyong Wang, Jing Che 2020. The updated checklists of amphibians and reptiles of China. Biodiversity Science 28 (2): 189-218 - get paper here
  • Wettstein, O. 1940. Eidechsen aus dem Tien-Shan-Gebiet. Zool. Anz. 130 (3/4): 83-89
  • Zhao,E. & Adler,K. 1993. Herpetology of China. SSAR, Oxford/Ohio, 1-522
 
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